Pregnancy is a miraculous journey filled with anticipation and joy, but it can also bring about various health challenges. One such condition that affects expectant mothers is preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a serious medical condition characterised by high blood pressure and organ damage that can occur during pregnancy, typically after the 20th week.
According to the National Library of Medicine, this condition accounts for 2–8% of pregnancy-related problems, more than 50,000 maternal fatalities, and more than 500,000 foetal deaths globally.
What is Preeclampsia?
Preeclampsia is a complex disorder that affects both the mother and the unborn baby. Its exact cause remains unknown, but it is believed to be related to issues with the placenta. Preeclampsia is characterised by high blood pressure (hypertension) and signs of damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications, including eclampsia, which involves seizures, and even foetal and maternal death.
Symptoms Of Preeclampsia
One of the challenges in dealing with preeclampsia is that it often presents with no obvious symptoms or mild symptoms that can be mistaken for normal pregnancy discomforts. According to Dr Riddhima Shetty, Obs & Gynaecologist at SRV Hospital, Chembur, some common signs to watch out for include:
- Persistent high blood pressure
- Sudden weight gain
- Swelling (particularly in the hands and face)
- Headaches
- Vision changes
- Abdominal pain, and decreased urine output.
- Chest pain
It is important for pregnant women to be aware of these symptoms and promptly report them to their healthcare provider.
Also read: Seizures During Pregnancy? This May Be A Sign Of Eclampsia, Know More About This Condition
Risk Factors
While any pregnant woman can develop preeclampsia, certain factors may increase the likelihood. These include a history of preeclampsia in previous pregnancies, chronic hypertension, obesity, diabetes, kidney disease, being pregnant with multiples (twins, triplets), and being a first-time mother or having a family history of preeclampsia. Women over the age of 35 and teenagers are also at a slightly higher risk.
Complications and Long-Term Effects
Preeclampsia poses significant risks to both the mother and the baby. If left untreated, it can lead to complications such as placental abruption, premature birth, restricted foetal growth, and low birth weight.
Additionally, women who have had preeclampsia during pregnancy are at a higher risk of developing chronic hypertension, heart disease, and stroke later in life. Babies born to mothers with preeclampsia may also face long-term health issues.
Prevention and Management
Preventing preeclampsia entirely is challenging, but there are steps women can take to reduce their risk. Regular prenatal care is essential, as healthcare providers can closely monitor blood pressure and other vital signs. A healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise (as approved by a doctor), and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can also contribute to overall well-being during pregnancy.
Bottomline
Preeclampsia is a serious condition that can have far-reaching consequences for both the mother and the baby. Early detection, proper prenatal care, and close monitoring are vital in managing preeclampsia and mitigating its risks.
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Expectant mothers should be aware of the symptoms, communicate with their healthcare providers, and follow recommended guidelines to ensure a healthy pregnancy. By raising awareness about preeclampsia, we can work towards better outcomes and safer pregnancies for women around the world.