Pregnancy is the time of great joy and happiness, but it also brings heightened concerns for the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Among the various health challenges that can arise, tuberculosis (TB) is a particularly serious concern. TB during pregnancy can have significant implications for both the mother and the developing foetus, necessitating careful medical attention and management. Understanding the potential consequences of TB during pregnancy and knowing the necessary precautions can help ensure a safer journey for both mother and baby. In this article, we will talk about the impact of tuberculosis on maternal and foetal health, and outline the crucial care measures that should be taken to mitigate risks.
To understand tuberculosis during pregnancy and its effects on mom and baby, OnlyMyHealth interacted with Dr Deepa Dewan, Senior Director, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Gurgaon.
According to Dr Dewan, TB during pregnancy can have significant implications for both the mother and the baby. It requires careful management to ensure the health and well-being of both.
Consequences on Mother
Explaining the consequences of tuberculosis on mother, Dr Dewan stated these points:
1. Health Complications
- TB can exacerbate during pregnancy due to changes in the immune system.
- Increased risk of complications such as pneumonia or respiratory distress.
- Higher risk of drug interactions if the mother is on TB medication along with prenatal vitamins or other medications.
2. Nutritional Concerns
- TB can lead to weight loss and nutritional deficiencies if not managed properly.
- Adequate nutrition is crucial for both the mother's health and the development of the baby.
3. Maternal Mortality
Advising, Dr Dewan said, “In severe cases or without proper treatment, TB can lead to maternal mortality, though this is rare with timely diagnosis and treatment.”
Also read: Tuberculosis Can Affect The Breasts Too! Expert Explains Breast Tuberculosis In Detail
Consequences on Baby
1. Premature Birth
As per Dr Dewan, TB increases the risk of premature birth, which can lead to complications for the baby.
2. Low Birth Weight
“Babies born to mothers with TB may have low birth weight, which can impact their health and development,” she added.
3. Infection Risk
There is a risk of transmission of TB from the mother to the baby during childbirth or through breastfeeding. This risk can be reduced with appropriate treatment and precautions.
Care and Management
1. Early Diagnosis
Explaining the importance of early diagnosis, Dr Dewan said, “Pregnant women with symptoms suggestive of TB (persistent cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss) should undergo testing promptly.”
2. Treatment
TB treatment during pregnancy is essential to reduce maternal and foetal complications. “Medications used are generally safe during pregnancy, though close monitoring is required,” Dr Dewan said. Treatment adherence is crucial to prevent drug resistance and ensure effectiveness.
3. Nutritional Support
“Ensure the mother receives adequate nutrition, including prenatal vitamins and a balanced diet,” Dr Dewan advised. Address any weight loss or nutritional deficiencies promptly.
Also read: Tuberculosis Diet: Expert Shares What Should You Eat and Avoid?
4. Monitoring and Follow-up
Regular monitoring of the mother's health, including TB symptoms, side effects of medications, and foetal growth. Dr advised "Follow-up visits with healthcare providers for ongoing assessment and adjustment of treatment as needed."
5. Precautions to Prevent Transmission
Practise good respiratory hygiene (covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing).
6. Supportive Care
Provide emotional support and counselling to the mother and family members regarding TB diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy. Engage with a multidisciplinary healthcare team including obstetricians, infectious disease specialists, and paediatricians for comprehensive care.
Conclusion
Tuberculosis during pregnancy requires careful management to minimise risks to both the mother and the baby. Early diagnosis, prompt treatment with safe medications, nutritional support, and regular monitoring are essential components of care. With proper management, most pregnant women with TB can successfully complete treatment and deliver healthy babies. Regular communication with healthcare providers is crucial to ensure optimal outcomes for both the mother and the baby.