Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects people with psoriasis, an autoimmune skin disorder. While estimates vary, around 6-41% of people with psoriasis will develop PsA. This may seem like a small number, but considering millions have psoriasis, it translates to a significant population. However, this number might be underestimated because many cases go undiagnosed. Studies show up to 15.5% of people with psoriasis might actually have psoriatic arthritis without realising it.
The key is to get yourself regularly screened for psoriasis and watch out for any symptoms indicating PsA. In this article, we delve deeper into what PsA is, the areas most prone to the effects of the condition, and the symptoms to watch out for.
Also Read: Psoriasis: Expert Explains Symptoms, Complications, And Treatment Options
PsA On The Hands, Fingers And Nails
Dr Raina N. Nahar, Senior Consultant - Dermatology, Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai, says PsA is characterised a combination of arthritis and psoriasis manifestations, leading to symptoms such as joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and skin-related symptoms.
It can also cause fatigue, eye inflammation (uveitis), and changes in the nails, such as pitting or separation from the nail bed, she tells the OnlyMyHealth team.
According to the doctor, PsA primarily targets joints, but its effects can be seen throughout the body. Commonly affected areas in the body include the joints of the fingers, toes, wrists, knees, ankles, and lower back. The spine, particularly the sacroiliac joints, is also a common site of inflammation, which can lead to axial involvement, causing stiffness and pain, she adds.
In the hands, fingers, and nails, PsA presents with various symptoms that include:
- Pain in the fingers, which can lead to reduced mobility and difficulty performing tasks that require fine motor skills.
- Sausage fingers due to excessive swelling and inflammation
- Pitting, which are small depressions on the surface of the nails
- Ridges, discolouration, and onycholysis
- Brittle nails that are prone to breaking, affecting both appearance and function
Who Is Most At Risk?
Several factors can increase the risk of developing psoriatic arthritis.
Dr Nahar says, “Genetics play a significant role, with individuals who have a family history of PsA or psoriasis being at higher risk.”
According to StatPearls Publishing, approximately 33-50% of patients with PsA have at least one first-degree relative with psoriatic arthritis or psoriasis.
As discussed, psoriasis itself, particularly severe psoriasis, is a major risk factor for PsA. It mostly develops in individuals between the ages of 30 and 50, although it can occur at any age.
Additionally, environmental factors, such as infections, stress, and physical trauma, may trigger or exacerbate the condition, the doctor adds.
Also Read: Is It Safe For People With Psoriasis To Get Tattoos?
No Cure For Psoriatic Arthritis, But Can Be Managed
Unfortunately, there is no cure for PsA. However, various treatment options are available to manage the symptoms and prevent joint damage, says Dr Nahar. These include:
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
- Biologic agents
- Lifestyle modifications such as physical therapy and exercise
However, all of these measures and treatments should be sought under the guidance of a medical professional or a doctor.
Note that treatment strategies should aim to control symptoms, prevent joint damage, and maintain a high quality of life. But this is only possible through early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to the individual, Dr Nahar concludes.