Respiratory illnesses are one of the most common health issues, with the common cold and flu being particularly prevalent. A cold is usually characterised by symptoms such as a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, and coughing, primarily caused by a viral infection affecting the upper respiratory tract. But while a cold can be highly contagious, it is generally not a cause for concern in healthy individuals. In fact, in most cases, symptoms resolve on their own within a few days with proper rest and care. Which brings us to the question: Do we really need medications to treat a common cold and cough?
Also Read: Common Cold Or Sinusitis? Expert Explains How To Find Out If Your Cold Has Become A Sinus Infection
Should You Take Medications For Cold And Cough?
In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Akanksha Saxena - General Physician, Consults on Practo, Pune, says, "A common cold and cough can resolve on their own or can recover on its own depending upon our innate immunity." However, in high-risk cases such as patients undergoing dialysis, patients on radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or those infected with HIV, the infection can get exaggerated, leading to pneumonia and other systemic complications."
Although Over-the-Counter (OTC) medicines can help relieve symptoms, healthy individuals usually do not need them for a cold and cough.
How To Know If Cold Will Resolve On Its Own Or If You Need Medicines?
“If symptoms remain mild and gradually improve with rest, hydration, and home remedies, the cold is likely to resolve on its own. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, medical intervention may be necessary, especially for individuals with weakened immune systems,” shares Dr Saxena.
She further added that symptomatic treatment is recommended to manage discomfort, and this includes fever control with antipyretics, antihistamines, vitamin C tablets for immune support, and lozenges for sore throat.
In severe infections, appropriate antibiotics may be required to prevent secondary bacterial infections.
NOTE: Since most cases of cold and cough are viral, antibiotics are ineffective in treating them. Antibiotics help treat bacterial infections and should not be taken for viral infections. Unnecessary usage can lead to further complications like antibiotic resistance, which, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is a global health concern. By following these simple preventive measures, we can effectively manage and reduce the risk of common cold and cough. However, if symptoms worsen or persist, it is important to consult a doctor for proper evaluation and treatment.
Also Read: What Are The Most Common Types Of Colds? Understanding Causes And Symptoms
How Long Does It Take For A Cold And Cough To Resolve?
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the signs and symptoms of a cold usually peak within 2-3 days of infection. However, the infection typically lasts 7-10 days, but a cough may last longer, around 10-14 days.
Some of the common remedies to treat cold and cough include:
- Get plenty of rest.
- Drink plenty of fluids.
- Use humidifiers.
- Use saline nasal spray or drops.
- Do steam inhalation.
- Use throat lozenges or cough drops.
Conclusion
Most colds and coughs resolve on their own without the need for medications. Since these are usually due to a viral infection, rest, fluids, and self-care practices can help improve the condition. However, it is crucial to address worsening symptoms or symptoms that do not go away for prolonged periods.