Pregnancy is a beautiful and transformative journey for many women, but it's essential to recognise that it can also come with risks and complications. While most pregnancies progress without major issues, there are serious complications that can arise, requiring careful monitoring and medical intervention. Understanding these potential complications is crucial for expectant mothers and their healthcare providers. Here are 10 serious complications of pregnancy that every woman should be aware of:
Gestational Diabetes
According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), this condition occurs when blood sugar levels rise during pregnancy. It can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby, including preeclampsia and macrosomia (large birth weight).
Preeclampsia
Assuming 2-8% of pregnancy complications as per the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), preeclampsia is characterised by high blood pressure and signs of damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys and can lead to serious complications like eclampsia (seizures), organ failure, and premature birth.
Placenta Previa
In this condition, the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, increasing the risk of bleeding during pregnancy and delivery. It may require a cesarean section for safe delivery. The National Health Service shared that placenta previa occurs in 1 out of every 200 pregnancies.
Placental Abruption
An overview published in StatPearls Publishing shared that this rare complication occurs when the placenta detaches from the uterine wall before delivery, leading to heavy bleeding and potentially depriving the baby of oxygen and nutrients.
Preterm Labour
Babies born before 37 weeks of gestation are considered preterm, said the World Health Organisation. Preterm birth can result in health issues for the baby, including respiratory problems, developmental delays, and a higher risk of infections.
Ectopic Pregnancy
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists defined ectopic pregnancy as a condition when a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube, it can lead to an ectopic pregnancy. This is a medical emergency as it can cause severe internal bleeding and requires immediate treatment.
Gestational Hypertension
Similar to preeclampsia but without the presence of protein in the urine, gestational hypertension is characterised by high blood pressure during pregnancy, according to the CDC. It increases the risk of preeclampsia and other complications.
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
This rare group of pregnancy-related tumours can develop in the placenta, according to Cancer Research UK, leading to abnormal growth and potential complications such as persistent vomiting, vaginal bleeding, and risk of cancerous growth.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
A study published in the Clinical Medicines Insights: Paediatrics stated that babies with IUGR fail to grow at the expected rate inside the womb, leading to lower birth weight and potential health issues due to inadequate nutrition and oxygen supply.
Postpartum Hemorrhage
An overview published in NCBI stated that excessive bleeding after childbirth can occur due to various factors, including retained placenta, uterine atony (failure of the uterus to contract), or trauma during delivery. It requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications.
These complications highlight that pregnant women need to attend regular prenatal check-ups, communicate openly with their healthcare providers about any concerns or symptoms, and follow recommended guidelines for a healthy pregnancy. Early detection and management of these complications can significantly improve outcomes for both mother and baby.