Obesity is a growing problem across the world which is a leading cause of enormous diseases and conditions. High blood pressure, diabetes, increasing heart attacks, Stroke, Osteoarthritis, breathing problems, mental disorders and the list of obesity caused health problems is neverending. However, when it comes to women’s health, it has significant impacts, especially when planning pregnancy.
Studies show that women are more likely to be obese than men. “Women are slightly more likely (40%) than men (35%) to have obesity,” a study stated. To understand the risks associated with obesity during pregnancy, OnlyMyHealth interacted with Dr Sunanda Kulkarni, HOD - Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chinmaya Mission Hospital, Bangalore.
Dr Kulkarni said, “Obesity not only affects a woman's overall health but can also have profound impacts on fertility, pregnancy, and the health of the offspring. Understanding these risks can empower women to take proactive steps towards a healthier lifestyle before conception, ensuring a safer pregnancy and healthier outcomes for both mother and child.”
Impact Of Obesity On Reproductive Health
As per studies, obese women are at high risk of subfecundity and infertility, conception rates, miscarriage rates, and pregnancy complications. “Obesity can lead to hormonal imbalances and disruptions in the menstrual cycle, significantly affecting the reproductive system. Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which are closely linked to obesity, can hinder ovulation and reduce fertility,” Dr Kulkarni said.
Obesity Related Risks During Pregnancy
Obesity during pregnancy can increase the likelihood of:
• Gestational diabetes
• Preeclampsia
• Caesarean delivery and instrumental delivery
• Infection risks
• Complications with anaesthesia
• Extended labour
Talking about risks associated with obesity during pregnancy, Dr Kulkarni said, “Possible risks include miscarriage, macrosomia, stillbirth, birth defects (e.g., neural tube defects), difficulties in foetal monitoring, and postpartum complications such as postpartum haemorrhage and wound infections.”
In the case of obese woman giving birth to a child, the baby is prone to a lot of health problems in the long run. Some being, higher propensity for obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular issues, developmental delays, and asthma, highlighting the intergenerational impact of maternal obesity.
Obesity impacts fertility greatly leading to hormonal imbalance and ovulatory issues. According to Dr Kulkarni, it may decrease the efficacy of fertility treatments and contribute to irregular menstrual cycles, making it more challenging for women to conceive naturally.
Also read: How To Manage Heart Palpitations During Pregnancy?
Tips For Overweight Women Before Planning Pregnancy
In order to reduce the pregnancy risks that are associated with obesity, follow these measures shared by Dr Kulkarni.
1. Seek a preconception consultation to tailor a health and weight loss plan.
2. Aim for a healthy weight through balanced nutrition and regular physical activity
3. Control pre-existing conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension) with professional guidance
4. Schedule a preconception check-up to address potential risks and optimise health for pregnancy
5. Start on prenatal vitamins and folic acid as recommended to promote foetal health
It is vital for every woman whose weight is more than required, as per your BMI, it is important to take precautions and try to reduce weight before planning pregnancy as it can create health problems for you as well as your baby.
(Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. We advise you to consult your doctor or expert if you have any obesity related problems.)