The alarming rise in the incidence of colon cancer among young adults and even teenagers has raised significant concerns. Colon cancer, traditionally associated with older age groups, is now increasingly affecting younger individuals. The development of colon cancer in youngsters is a complex and multifactorial process influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
Dr Sachin Marda, Senior Consultant Oncologist and Robotic Surgeon (Cancer Specialist), Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, listed the risk factors and early signs of colon cancer in youngsters.
What Is Colon Cancer
Colon cancer originates in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the digestive system. It typically begins as a growth of abnormal cells called polyps in the lining of the colon or rectum. Over time, these polyps can develop into cancerous tumours. Colon cancer is the most prevalent gastrointestinal carcinoma and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in developed countries, according to a study by Rare Tumours.
Risk Factors of Colon Cancer In Youngsters
The US Preventive Services Task Force changed its guidelines for colon cancer screenings to start at age 45 as a result in May 2021. Before then, starting colon cancer screenings at age 50 was advised.
Age
The risk of colon cancer increases with age. Most cases are diagnosed in individuals aged 50 and older, although it can occur at any age. Doctors advise testing for patients who are high-risk or over 50 for this reason.
Gender
Dr Marda said that the chances of developing colon cancer in men are higher than in women.
Family History
Having a close relative, such as a parent or sibling, with colon cancer or certain hereditary conditions like Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome can significantly increase the risk.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
IBD patients may experience long-term large intestine inflammation. Chronic conditions like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, which cause inflammation in the colon can elevate the risk of developing colon cancer.
Lifestyle factors
Certain lifestyle choices can contribute to an increased risk in young adults. These include a sedentary lifestyle, a diet high in red and processed meats, low-fibre and high-fat diets, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption.
Also Read: From Blood In Stool To Unexplained Weight Loss: Expert Lists 6 Signs Of Bowel Cancer
Early Signs Of Colon Cancer
Dr Marda said that it is important to learn the early signs and get tested for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Some of the signs that you should note are as follows:
Persistent changes in bowel habits
Dr Marda highlighted that persistent changes in bowel habits can also be a sign of colon cancer. This includes diarrhoea, constipation, or a change in stool consistency that lasts for more than a few days.
Blood in the stool
This can manifest as either bright red blood or dark, tarry stools. Blood may be visible or only detected through a stool test.
Fatigue and weakness
Feeling constantly tired, weak, or lacking energy, even after adequate rest, can be an early symptom of colon cancer.
Abdominal discomfort
Recurring abdominal pain, cramps, or discomfort, particularly if it is accompanied by bloating or gas could be an indication of colon cancer.
Iron deficiency anaemia
Low levels of iron in the blood, resulting from chronic blood loss in the colon or rectum, may lead to anaemia. Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.
Also Read: Exercise To Fight Cancer: Expert Explains How It Can Help Prevent And Treat Cancer
Bottomline
Although there is no known strategy to prevent colon cancer, maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in physical activity, and eating a balanced diet may help to reduce your risk. Most of the time, colon cancer does not exhibit any signs until it has advanced. Therefore, it's crucial to discuss any necessary screening tests with your doctor.
Disclaimer
This article contains information provided by the expert, however, we advise you to consult your expert for a diagnosis and treatment based on your medical history and body type.