The brain is a remarkable organ that requires a constant supply of oxygen and glucose to function optimally. However, even a brief interruption in its blood supply can have devastating consequences, potentially leading to a stroke. Surprisingly, stroke cases have been observed in individuals during strenuous exercise, prompting researchers to investigate the underlying causes. To know more about it, we spoke to Dr Kandraju Sai Satish, Consultant Neurologist and Epileptologist, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad.
According to the International Journal of Stroke, the incidence of stroke is on the rise, making it the fourth leading cause of mortality and the fifth leading cause of impairment in India.
Dr Satish said that a significant number of these individuals, who have suffered a stroke while exercising have narrowed or blocked arteries, which play a crucial role in delivering essential nutrients to the brain.
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The doctor said that the arteries responsible for carrying oxygen and glucose from the heart to the brain are known as carotid arteries, located in the front of the neck, and vertebral arteries, situated at the back. "These arteries form a circulatory network, branching out from the aorta and ensuring a steady supply of blood to the brain. However, when these vessels become narrowed or constricted, the flow of blood to the brain is impeded, depriving it of vital elements," he explained.
Strenuous Exercise and Stroke Risk
During exercise, the body undergoes various physiological changes. Dr Satish said that the metabolic rate of the muscles increases, prompting the redistribution of blood to meet their heightened demands. He added, "This redistribution alters the haemodynamics across narrowed segments of the arteries, potentially triggering a stroke."
Conditions Contributing to Artery Narrowing
It is crucial to recognise that certain underlying conditions can contribute to artery stenosis or narrowing. "These conditions include poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high cholesterol levels, smoking, as well as specific diseases that affect the vessel walls, such as Kawasaki disease and primary vasculitis of the nervous system," said Dr Satish.
Preventive Measures
In cases where a person presents with stroke symptoms, it becomes paramount to determine the underlying cause to implement appropriate preventive measures. "Adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and strict control of blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels can significantly mitigate the risk of narrowed arteries," said Dr Satish.
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"However, in certain scenarios where the arteries are severely constricted, medical interventions like angioplasty, a procedure that involves dilating the narrowed arteries, may be necessary," suggested Dr Satish. He added that in some cases, a stent, a small mesh tube, may be placed to maintain the artery's openness and restore blood flow.
Way Forward
Awareness and education about the relationship between exercise, narrowed arteries, and stroke risk are vital for both medical professionals and individuals. Regular health check-ups, especially for those with underlying risk factors, can aid in early detection and intervention. Additionally, promoting healthy lifestyle choices, including regular exercise within one's physical capabilities, can help maintain optimal cardiovascular health and reduce the chances of artery narrowing.
[Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. Consult your healthcare provider to get a thorough diagnosis and treatment as per your health needs.]
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