Did you know you can have a migraine without any headache? This condition is known as a ‘silent’ migraine or a ‘migraine equivalent’, says Dr Nitisha Goyal, Consultant Neurology, Paras Health. Migraine is a neurological disorder that is usually characterised by recurrent headaches that can be moderate to severe in intensity. A migraine headache typically lasts for a few hours to a few days and can significantly interfere with daily activities. But what when there is no headache. In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Goyal explains how this type of migraine attack can be identified with other symptoms.
Symptoms Of A Silent Migraine
The World Health Organization (WHO) describes migraine as a primary headache disorder that most often begins at puberty and mostly affects those aged between 35 and 45 years. According to the WHO, it is more common in women due to hormonal influences.
In case of no headaches, here are some ways to identify a migraine:
Aura symptoms
Migraine-like symptoms frequently include visual distortions called auras. These might include transient vision loss, blind areas, zigzag lines, or flashing lights. Symptoms of an aura usually only linger a short while before going away.
Sensory changes
Migraines can cause sensory disturbances as well. You may experience tingling or numbness in your face, hands, or other body parts. Some individuals could have trouble comprehending or speaking.
Nausea and vomiting
Migraine equivalents can trigger gastrointestinal symptoms. Nausea and vomiting may occur without the presence of a headache.
Fatigue and weakness
Even in the absence of head pain, migraines can cause overwhelming weariness and weakness. These symptoms, which may last for hours or days, can have a major negative impact on everyday functioning.
Cognitive impairment
Migraine-like symptoms can impair cognitive function, leading to concentration difficulties, memory issues, and confusion.
Causes
Silent migraines, also known as acephalgic migraines or migraine auras without headache, are a subtype of migraines where headache is absent. The exact cause of silent migraines is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve similar underlying mechanisms as traditional migraines. A combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role in triggering the abnormal brain activity that leads to migraines. The WHO says, "It [Migraine] is caused by the activation of a mechanism deep in the brain that leads to release of pain-producing inflammatory substances around the nerves and blood vessels of the head."
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Preventive Measures
Dr Goyal says it is important to adopt certain precautions to prevent silent migraine attacks. These include:
- Keep a track of potential triggers such as certain foods, stress, hormonal changes, bright lights, or strong smells
- Maintaining a regular sleep schedule; aiming for 7-8 hours of quality sleep each night
- Managing stress levels as it can contribute to silent migraines
- Limiting caffeine and alcohol intake
- Avoiding excessive screen time as it can strain your eyes and potentially trigger silent migraines
Conclusion
Migraine attacks in all its forms, whether visible or silent, should be addressed. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or a neurologist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management strategies. Certain lifestyle modifications, stress management techniques, and, in some cases, medications can help prevent or manage silent migraines.