Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder primarily known for its effects on joints, causing inflammation, pain, and stiffness. However, its impact often extends beyond the joints, affecting various parts of the body, including the oral cavity and teeth. We spoke to our expert Dr Raghavendra BR, Dentist, Gleneagles BGS Hospital, Kengeri, Bengaluru, who explained the link between RA and your dental health.
Connection Between Rheumatoid Arthritis And Teeth
A person with RA can negatively impact their oral health both directly and indirectly. As a result of chronic inflammation, RA can cause complications, such as:
Gum Disease (Periodontitis)
“RA increases the risk of developing periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease. The inflammation in the joints can also affect the gums, making them more susceptible to infection,” said Dr Raghavendra. Periodontitis, if left untreated, can result in gum recession, and tooth loss, and even impact overall health due to its association with cardiovascular disease.
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
Many medications used to manage RA symptoms can cause dry mouth as a side effect. Reduced saliva flow increases the risk of tooth decay and gum disease because saliva plays a crucial role in neutralising acids produced by bacteria in the mouth and washing away food particles. According to a 2016 study, salivary gland problems leading to dry mouth, and subsequently causing issues like cavities, affect approximately 30-50% of individuals with RA.
Also Read: Rheumatoid Arthritis VS Osteoarthritis: Expert Explains The Difference Between The Two
Jaw Problems
"RA can affect the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ), causing pain, stiffness, and difficulty opening and closing the mouth. This can lead to problems with chewing, talking, and even yawning comfortably," added Dr Raghavendra. According to a 2022 study, involvement of the TMJ has been observed in 1-60% of RA patients.
Increased Risk of Tooth Decay
Patients with RA may experience challenges in maintaining optimal oral hygiene due to joint pain and mobility issues. This can result in plaque build-up, which, combined with reduced saliva production, increases the risk of cavities and decay.
Oral Ulcers and Lesions
Dr Raghavendra said, “Some individuals with RA may develop oral ulcers and lesions, either due to the disease itself or as a side effect of medications used to manage RA symptoms.”
How To Maintain Oral Health When Dealing With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Given these potential complications, people with RA should adopt a proactive approach to maintain good oral health. Here are some expert-recommended measures that you should follow:
Regular Dental Visits
People with RA need to visit the dentist regularly for professional cleanings and check-ups. Dental professionals can detect early signs of gum disease or decay and provide appropriate treatment.
Communication with Healthcare Providers
“Informing your rheumatologist and dentist about your medical history, medications, and any changes in symptoms is crucial. This allows for coordinated care and consideration of how RA treatments may affect dental health and vice versa,” said Dr Raghavendra.
Also Read: Rheumatoid Arthritis Can Affect Your Lungs Too: Expert Explains The Cause
Oral Hygiene Practices
Despite challenges, maintaining diligent oral hygiene practices is paramount. Make sure to brush your teeth with fluoride toothpaste at least two times a day, floss every day, and use mouthwash if your dentist recommends it.
Managing Dry Mouth
If medications cause dry mouth, staying hydrated and using saliva substitutes or special mouth rinses can help alleviate discomfort and reduce the risk of tooth decay.
Bottomline
Dr Raghavendra concluded, “While RA primarily affects the joints, its impact on dental health should not be overlooked. Understanding the potential oral complications associated with RA and taking proactive steps to maintain good oral hygiene and regular dental care can significantly improve the overall quality of life and oral health outcomes for individuals with this chronic condition.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]