Vaginal discharge is a natural process in the body, wherein the vagina secretes fluid that helps maintain its health and cleanliness. It can vary in consistency, colour, and amount throughout the menstrual cycle and may increase during pregnancy or in response to hormonal changes. In most cases, vaginal discharge is normal, but any sudden changes in odour, colour, or texture should be consulted with a gynaecologist or a healthcare provider. In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Thejaswini J, Consultant-Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Motherhood Hospitals, Electronic City, Bengaluru, explains when vaginal discharge becomes concerning.
What Is A Normal Vaginal Discharge?
A normal vaginal discharge is characterised by clear or white fluid that varies in consistency from thin and watery to slightly thick and sticky. It may have a mild, natural odour that is not discomforting.
“Under the influence of the female hormone oestrogen, cells lining in the vagina and cervix produce vaginal discharge,” says Dr Thejaswini, adding, “Due to reduced oestrogen levels, menopausal women typically have little vaginal discharge. This discharge lubricates the vaginal tissues and serves to protect the urine and vaginal tracts from infections.” Normal vaginal discharge serves several essential functions, including cleaning the vagina, preventing infections, and maintaining a healthy pH balance.
Also Read: The Fear Of Vaginal Penetration Is Real: Expert Explains The Condition Called Vaginismus
Is White Discharge Everyday Normal?
.jpg)
According to Dr Thejaswini, premenopausal women typically have a daily vaginal discharge ranging between 0.5-1 teaspoon (2 to 5 mL) in volume, white or clear, thick, mucus-like, and largely odourless.
“The quantity and regularity of the discharge, however, vary from woman to woman. While the discharge can be affected due to multiple reasons like pregnancy, while using birth control pills, patches, or vaginal rings, being close to ovulation, or the week leading up to the menstrual period, in case there is any increase in the amount of discharge, or change in its colour or odour, it is advisable to see the doctor,” she recommends.
Note that the amount of discharge can vary throughout the menstrual cycle, with an increase in volume around ovulation and a decrease towards the end of the cycle.
The significant causes of abnormal vaginal discharge are either vaginal or cervical infections. Vaginal infections causes include Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Candida albicans, says research, adding, "Primary cervical infections causing vaginal discharge are Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Herpes simplex."
Dr Thejaswini says, “Discharge often includes germs, mucus and fluid produced by the vagina and cervix, as well as vaginal skin cells. Normal discharge frequently has a faint odour and might cause the vulva to become somewhat irritated.”
When To Visit A Doctor
Discharge from the vagina is frequent and natural. However, the following signs and symptoms of vaginal discharge are abnormal:
- Discomfort during sexual activity or urination
- Pain with intercourse or urination
- Redness, burning, tightness, or swelling of the vulvar skin
- Foamy or greenish-yellow discharge
- Bad odour
- Blood-tinged vaginal discharge
- Abdominal or pelvic discomfort
Hygiene Practices To Follow
Here are some intimate hygiene practices to follow:
- Do not use feminine hygiene products or douche; instead, wash your genitalia with warm water and an unscented non-soap cleanser using your hand rather than a washcloth.
- Wear cotton pants; stay away from thongs and lycra panties
- Rinse your genitalia with water and/or pat them dry after using the toilet but avoid using baby wipes or scented toilet paper
Bottomline
Experiencing vaginal discharge is normal unless its colour, odour, and consistency changes along with other discomforting symptoms. Regular gynaecological tests can help you detect any issues with the reproductive system and may also explain any changes you may notice in your vaginal discharge.