Coffee is one of the most beloved beverages in the world. It is said to provide a quick boost in energy and a heightened level of alertness, and it is praised for its rich aroma and distinct flavours. Additionally, it is a source of vitamin B12 (riboflavin), magnesium, and plant chemicals like polyphenols, which are said to improve lipid profiles, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation, as per a study published in the Journal of Food Biochemistry.
But even with all this goodness, is coffee a healthy drink, and is it safe to have it on an empty stomach? We asked Bhavisha Khuman, Nutritionist and Dietician, Jaslok Hospital Research and Centre, Mumbai, to help answer the same.
Also Read: 7 Reasons Why Black Coffee is Great For Your Health
Coffee’s Effect On The Body
The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health defines a moderate amount of coffee as 3-5 cups a day, or on average 400 mg of caffeine.
While a moderate dose (around 50-300 mg) can help sharpen your focus, fuel your energy, and keep you alert, excess caffeine consumption can spark anxiety, lead to restless nights, and cause a jittery heart, the health body adds.
Khuman said, “Coffee affects every person differently.”
“The caffeine in the coffee is a primary draw for people who drink the beverage in the morning, but that ‘caffeine’ could lead to indigestion or acid reflux for certain people.”
A 2019 study published in the Tzu Chi Medical Journal found that about a quarter of 1837 patients reported heartburn symptoms and another quarter had visible esophageal damage after consuming coffee, tea, and their common additives like milk and sugar. However, the study noted that neither coffee nor tea nor their usual additives appear to directly contribute to heartburn or esophageal damage, and lifestyle factors played a role.
Also Read: Consider Yourself A Coffee Lover? Study Reveals That Caffeine Can Harm Your Decision-Making Skills
Is It Safe To Drink Coffee On An Empty Stomach?
When it comes to understanding the effect of coffee on an empty stomach, one must understand its relation to and impact on stomach acids.
In general, the stomach naturally maintains a highly acidic environment with a pH ranging between 1.5 and 4. This acidity is crucial for digestion, helps steer clear of harmful bacteria, and facilitates the absorption of certain nutrients, like iron and vitamin B12.
Coffee is known to stimulate the production of stomach acid, and consuming it on an empty stomach may lead to an increase in gastric acid secretion. This could be uncomfortable, particularly for those with esophagitis, said Khuman.
According to a study published in the journal Nutrients, coffee prompts the release of gastrin, a hormone that stimulates acid production, potentially making your stomach work harder. But on the contrary, some studies suggest that it weakens the muscle between your oesophagus and stomach, potentially leading to heartburn. But researchers also noted that for certain individuals, there may not be any effect.
Generally, drinking coffee on an empty stomach shouldn’t cause any issues. So if, after making adjustments, a person is still having gastrointestinal discomfort, it may be best to simply avoid coffee altogether, Khuman further advised.
Conclusion
Drinking coffee on an empty stomach does not cause harm to anyone. In fact, for some people, it provides various benefits. However, there are certain individuals who may experience digestive issues for different reasons. Most of the time, the effects of drinking coffee on an empty stomach revolve around its impact on gastric acid production, which may lead to increased stomach issues like heartburn. But before reaching conclusions, it is best to be aware of your triggers and consult with a healthcare professional if you experience discomfort from drinking coffee.