A sore throat is a common sign of a respiratory infection. A runny, stuffy nose can also indicate a cold, which is usually caused by a virus. However, sometimes, throat pain or other related symptoms can also signal a bacterial infection. According to Dr Sunita Nagpal, General Physician and Gynaecologist, Salubritas Medical Center, South Delhi, while most colds are caused by viruses, some may be the result of bacterial infections. This is usually a secondary complication after a viral infection, the doctor adds.
Dr Nagpal emphasises the importance of understanding the difference between a viral and a bacterial cold and shares that the treatment may differ. Some people also wonder whether a bacterial cold is also contagious like a viral infection. Here’s everything you need to know about the same and what you can do to speed up recovery.
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Is Bacterial Cold Contagious?
In most cases, infectious diseases are either caused by a virus or a bacteria, and just like a viral infection, bacterial infections can also be contagious, says Dr Nagpal. The difference is that the latter does not spread as easily as viral infections.
"A viral cold spreads mainly through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. However, bacterial infections can spread through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, consuming contaminated food or water, and bites from infected animals.
"If a bacterial infection affects the respiratory system, it can still spread through close contact, coughing, or sneezing."
Bacterial Vs. Viral Cold
For those who don’t know, a viral cold is caused by a virus and usually lasts 3-7 days. The symptoms appear gradually and include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, mild fever and chills, sneezing, and fatigue.
On the other hand, a bacterial cold is more severe and occurs due to a bacterial infection, often as a secondary complication after a viral infection. Symptoms appear suddenly and may include high fever (often above 101°F or 38.3°C), severe sore throat or ear pain, thick, yellow, or green nasal discharge, and pain and pressure in the sinuses. Symptoms usually last more than 10 days or worsen after initial improvement.
It is important to note that bacterial infections require medical attention, while viral infections usually resolve on their own with supportive care.
How To Differentiate Between Viral And Bacterial Infections?
Distinguishing between a bacterial and viral infection can be challenging, but some key factors help:
Blood tests: A complete blood count (CBC) can indicate a bacterial infection if the white blood cell count is significantly elevated.
Culture tests: A throat swab or nasal culture can detect bacterial growth.
Symptom duration: If symptoms last more than 10 days, worsen over time, or include high fever and severe pain, a bacterial infection is more likely.
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Role Of Antibiotics
Antibiotics are necessary for bacterial infections to treat the infection and reduce its severity, prevent complications like sinus infections, ear infections, and pneumonia, and reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others, explains Dr Nagpal, highlighting that antibiotics do not work for viral infections; instead, doctors recommend symptomatic treatment for virals, such as rest, hydration, and Over-the-Counter (OTC) medications.
Using antibiotics for anything other than a bacterial infection can increase the risk of antibiotic resistance, which is a global public health concern, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria develop the ability to survive and grow in the presence of antibiotics. This complication is estimated to have been directly responsible for 10.27 lakh global deaths in 2019 and contributed to 40.95 lakh deaths.
How To Speed Up Recovery From A Bacterial Cold?
A bacterial infection usually requires proper medical treatments and management. These include:
- Taking prescribed antibiotics as directed by your doctor
- Resting to allow your body to heal
- Drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated and soothe the throat
- Using a humidifier or steam inhalation to relieve congestion
- Gargling with warm salt water to ease throat pain
- Taking OTC pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to reduce fever and discomfort
- Avoiding contact with others to prevent spreading the infection
By following these steps and seeking medical attention when necessary, you can ensure a faster and smoother recovery from a bacterial cold. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a doctor for further evaluation.
Conclusion
A cold is usually caused by a virus, which can lead to a bacterial infection. A viral infection often does not require any treatment and resolves on its own with the help of rest and relaxation. On the other hand, bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish between the two infections. Additionally, bacterial infections can also be contagious, even though they are less easy to spread. Therefore, it is important to take necessary measures to curb transmission.