For people with allergies, everyday experiences like a walk in the park or the change of seasons can create a chain reaction of symptoms. The health of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) is severely affected by these reactions, ranging from moderately irritating to extremely fatal. For many allergy patients, understanding how allergens impact these important areas and how to prevent and treat them may significantly improve their quality of life. We spoke to Dr Mohammed Naseeruddin, MBBS, MS ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Apollo Spectra Hospital, Hyderabad, who explained the connection between allergies and ENT health and shared practical tips for prevention and care.
“Allergies are caused by the immune system interpreting harmless things, such as mould, dust mites, pollen, and pet dander to be harmful attackers, causing an overreaction. Histamine and other substances are released as a result of this response, which causes inflammation and several kinds of other symptoms,” said Dr Naseeruddin.
According to a 2012 study, allergies can affect nearly every organ in the body, presenting a wide array of symptoms and a broad spectrum of phenotypes. Research in Europe has revealed that up to 30% of the population experiences allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, around 20% suffer from asthma, and 15% are affected by allergic skin conditions.
Impact on ENT Health
Ears
"Allergies may result in inflammation and fluid accumulation in the middle ear, which can cause disorders, such as Otitis Media with Effusion (OME). Temporary hearing loss, pressure, and ear pain may follow from this. These problems can return in chronic patients, and they might even need surgery to insert ear tubes for drainage," added Dr Naseeruddin.
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Nose
The nose is often the most visibly affected area. Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, causes symptoms like sneezing, congestion, a runny nose, and itchy eyes. Chronic nasal congestion can lead to mouth breathing, which can cause dry mouth and sore throat, further complicating ENT health.
Throat
Postnasal drip, where mucus runs down the back of the throat, is a common consequence of nasal allergies. This can lead to chronic throat clearing, a sore throat, and even laryngitis, causing hoarseness and voice changes. For some, the constant irritation can lead to more severe issues, such as vocal cord nodules or polyps.
Prevention Strategies for Allergies
Here are some expert-recommended prevention strategies that you should follow to keep allergies at bay:
- Identify Triggers: The first step in managing allergies is identifying the specific allergens causing the reaction. Allergy testing, such as skin prick or blood tests, can help pinpoint these triggers.
- Minimise Exposure: After triggers are found, exposure can be decreased by taking appropriate action. For those who suffer from pollen allergies, this may entail utilising air purifiers and closing windows during periods of high pollen. Using allergen-proof bed coverings and routinely washing bedding in hot water could help reduce dust mites.
- Medication Management: Decongestants, nasal corticosteroids, and over-the-counter antihistamines can all offer substantial relief. A doctor may prescribe stronger drugs for severe or chronic symptoms, or they may suggest immunotherapy, such as allergy needles or sublingual tablets—to gradually increase tolerance.
- Environmental Control: It's critical to maintain a clean, allergen-free home. Keeping humidity levels low, employing HEPA filters, and cleaning frequently can all help lessen the amount of allergens present.
Care and Management
- Hydration: Getting enough liquids thins mucus, which makes it simpler to remove from the throat and nasal passages. Warm teas infused with honey have the potential to alleviate symptoms and calm an inflamed throat.
- Saline Nasal Irrigation: Rinsing the nasal passages with a saline solution will help clear allergies and lessen congestion. Saline sprays and neti pots are two popular and useful tools.
- Humidification: Although dust mites prefer low humidity, dry air can irritate the throat and nasal passages. Maintaining a pleasant and healthy amount of moisture in the air can be facilitated by using a humidifier, particularly in the dry winter months.
- Frequent ENT Check-ups: Seeing an ENT professional frequently can help control symptoms and avert consequences for people with long-term ENT problems brought on by allergies. Experts can administer focused care and monitor the patient's condition to modify treatment plans as necessary.
"Allergies can significantly affect ENT health, but their effects can be properly managed with the right care and prevention. People with allergies can live happier, healthier lives by being aware of their triggers, reducing exposure, and treating their condition proactively," said Dr Naseeruddin.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]