Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects an estimated 8–13% of reproductive-aged women, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). It is alarming to note that up to 70% of affected women aren't aware of their condition, the global health body notes.
Severe PCOS, characterised by hormonal imbalances, irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and cysts in the ovaries, is often treated with birth control pills or oral contraceptives. These medications are said to help regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce symptoms. However, we asked an expert whether or not everyone with PCOS requires birth control pills and if there are other ways that can help manage the condition.
Also Read: PCOS, Obesity, And Infertility: Expert Explains Their Connection And What You Should Know
How Birth Control Pills Help PCOS Patients
In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Gayatri Deshpande, HOD, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai, says, “Birth control pills are often prescribed to women with PCOS to help regulate their menstrual cycles. These pills contain hormones that can balance hormone levels in the body, which can help manage symptoms such as irregular periods, acne, and excess hair growth.”
However, the doctor notes that these pills are recommended for women who are not trying to conceive, as oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy.
Can PCOS Be Managed Without Contraceptives?
While birth control pills help regulate menstrual cycles in people with PCOS, it is important to note that the condition can be managed without using contraceptives.
Dr Deshpande recommends lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management.
Additionally, she says that medications such as metformin, which helps regulate insulin levels, and other hormone-regulating medications may be prescribed. However, one should always consult a doctor before resorting to medications or if the symptoms persist.
How To Treat PCOS Without Birth Control Pills
Here are some ways to manage and treat PCOS without the use of birth control pills:
- Adopting a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
- Regular exercise
- Losing excess weight
- Metformin, which is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, can help regulate insulin levels and improve the symptoms of PCOS.
- Other hormonal medications, such as anti-androgens or medications that induce ovulation
How To Know If You Have PCOS?
Many people with PCOS don’t even know that they have the condition. In fact, it cannot be diagnosed until 2–3 years after a girl's first menstrual cycle. This is because it can take up to two years after the first period for the menstrual cycle to regularise.
So how do we know if a person has PCOS?
Apart from the signs and symptoms, blood tests can help diagnose the conditions. It can recognise changes in the hormone levels, which include elevated levels of testosterone, oestrogen, luteinizing hormone, insulin, and anti-müllerian hormone, which measure the fertility level of the ovaries.
Conclusion
PCOS is a manageable condition. While birth control pills are an effective way to regulate menstrual cycles in PCOS patients, they are not the only solution. With healthy lifestyle habits, such as eating a balanced diet, indulging in regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight, symptoms can be reduced. Other medications, such as metformin, can also provide relief. However, it is best to consult a doctor before switching to new treatments and lifestyle changes.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your expert if you have any symptoms of PCOS to rule out the complications.]