Getting a child to eat can be a task. While some kids are easygoing and will eat whatever is put in front of them, others are much more selective and take time to adjust to new or unfamiliar foods. These children, often referred to as picky eaters, can be particularly difficult to satisfy at mealtime.
While being picky about foods is a common childhood trait, the concerning part about it is that this habit may expose children to the risk of various nutrient deficiencies. Their limited preferences can make it difficult for parents to ensure they receive a balanced diet, leading to concerns about their nutritional intake. Therefore, to understand the risks and find out strategies to mitigate them, the OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Dr Sameer Punia, Senior Consultant - Paediatrics Intensivist, Aakash Healthcare, New Delhi.
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Nutrient Deficiencies That May Affect Picky Eaters
Many children suffer from nutrient deficiencies due to selective eating habits, says Dr Punia, adding that nutrition plays a vital role in a child's growth and development.
According to him, common nutrients often lacking in children's diets due to picky eating include iron, calcium, and fibre. The most common is iron deficiency, which can cause anaemia with symptoms of fatigue, pale skin, and decreased appetite, he says. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests an estimated 40% of children 6–59 months of age suffer from anaemia.
Next to iron, calcium is a nutrient that's often lacking, especially in children who avoid dairy, adds the doctor, sharing that calcium is essential for strong bones and in reducing muscle pain and immune deficiencies. Decreased growth and dental problems are also byproducts of low levels.
Lastly, a lack of dietary fibre can also lead to digestive issues like constipation.
How To Ensure A Balanced Diet For Children
For parents who often struggle to provide a balanced diet to their picky eaters, consistency and creativity are the keys, says Dr Punia.
In order to increase the intake of vitamins and minerals, he recommends adding finely chopped vegetables and fruits to sauces and smoothies. Additionally, it is also important to establish regular meal and snack times, reducing the likelihood of children filling up on less nutritious, convenient snacks.
Strategies To Introduce New Foods To Children
Patience and creativity play an important role when it comes to introducing new foods to your child.
Dr Punia says, “Encourage your child to try at least one bite of a new food. Parents can try presenting foods in fun shapes or colourful arrangements, making them more appealing to young children. Over time, repeated exposure can increase their acceptance of different foods.”
“Another approach is involving children in meal preparation, allowing them to explore ingredients and choose how they are cooked or served,” he adds.
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When To Work With Paediatricians And Nutritionists
Not every picky eater will develop a nutrient deficiency. However, it is crucial to watch out for signs that may be concerning. Here’s when you should seek professional help:
- If a child consistently refuses multiple food groups, this results in noticeable nutrient deficiencies.
- If there are concerns about their growth and development.
- A health professional will assess your child's nutritional status and provide tailored advice, including developing a meal plan that ensures all necessary nutrients are consumed.
Dr Punia says, “Multivitamins, iron supplements, and fortified cereals or dairy products can fill dietary gaps. However, it’s crucial to use supplements under the guidance of a healthcare provider to avoid over-supplementation, which can be harmful. Fortified foods are generally safe and can be a convenient way to enhance a child's diet.”