Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the large intestine. It can affect both children and adults and can occur at any age. However, research suggests that it often begins in the teen years or early adulthood.
Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Sufla Saxena, HOD - Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Manipal Hospital, Dwarka, says that IBS is relatively common in children, affecting about 10-15% of kids worldwide. In this article, we try to find out whether or not IBS affects children differently from adults and also discuss ways to manage the condition.
Also Read: Expert Explains The Best Way To Treat Irritable Bowel Syndrome
What Is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDKD) describes IBS as a group of symptoms that occur together, including repeated pain in the abdomen and changes in bowel movements, which may be diarrhoea, constipation, or both.
Dr Saxena says that the condition often emerges during late childhood or adolescence and can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life.
How IBS Affects Children?
While there is limited data on IBS diagnosis among children, a 2018 study published in the Journal of Paediatrics suggested that about 5 percent of children aged 4–18 years old have IBS, which includes 14% of high school students and 6% of middle school students.
The symptoms of IBS in children can be similar to those in adults but may manifest differently in terms of intensity and impact, says Dr Saxena. These include:
- Abdominal pain
- Bloating and gas
- Diarrhoea or constipation
- Changes in stool consistency and frequency
- A sudden need to have a bowel movement
According to the doctor, children might also exhibit non-gastrointestinal symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, and difficulty concentrating.
How To Diagnose The Condition In Kids?
The exact cause of IBS in children is unknown. However, factors such as a history of gastroenteritis, food allergies, consumption of different carbohydrates and fats, and psychological factors, including stress, worry, anxiety, and depression, can lead to the condition in children, as per Medical News Today.
Dr Saxena shares that diagnosing IBS in children involves a thorough medical history and physical examination.
The most effective ways include:
- Blood tests
- Urine analysis and culture
- Stool sample
- Stool-occult blood test
- Lactose breath hydrogen test
- Abdominal X-ray and ultrasound
- Endoscopy
Management Tips
Unfortunately, there is no cure for IBS. However, the condition can be managed through various strategies, which include:
Dietary changes: Identifying and avoiding trigger foods (such as lactose, gluten, or high-fat foods) can help. A dietitian might recommend a low-FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet.
Medications: Depending on symptoms, a doctor might prescribe antispasmodics, laxatives, or antidiarrheal medications.
Regular exercise: Physical activity can help improve bowel function and reduce stress.
“Consistent follow-up with the doctor is important to adjust management strategies as needed,” Dr Saxena concludes.