When it comes to understanding dementia, the first thing people must note is that it is not a specific disease but a general term for a collection of symptoms that can occur due to brain damage. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines dementia as a term for several diseases that affect memory, thinking, and the ability to perform daily activities. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, contributing to 60–70% of affected individuals.
Unfortunately, there is no guaranteed way to prevent dementia. However, experts suggest that certain things might help reduce the risk. We asked an expert to shed light on the same.
Understanding The Risk Factors Of Dementia
According to Dr Hema Krishna P, Consultant – Neurology and Movement Disorders, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru, age, genetics, lifestyle choices, and underlying health conditions are some of the leading risk factors for diseases that cause dementia.
Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, he says, "Advanced age is the primary risk factor, with dementia becoming more common as people get older. Unhealthy lifestyles and medical conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases can also raise the risk of developing dementia."
But the WHO also highlights that dementia does not exclusively affect older people, as young-onset dementia, characterised by the onset of symptoms before the age of 65 years, accounts for up to 9% of cases.
How Preventable Is Dementia?
Various studies have suggested that dementia is preventable in a significant number of cases. In fact, according to a Johns Hopkins Medicine report, one in three dementia cases is preventable.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) share that nearly 40% of all Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) may be prevented or delayed.
Dr Krishna also believes dementia is preventable if people take necessary steps early in their lives.
He says, "By maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, and managing cardiovascular health, we can lower the likelihood of dementia. Addressing risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, and smoking also play a crucial role in reducing overall risk."
He adds that eating a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, as well as engaging in regular exercise, can improve cognitive function and promote overall brain health.
Also Read: Digital Dementia: How Too Much Screen Time Can Cause Memory Problems?
Cognitive Exercises
“Both physical and mental activities play a crucial role in maintaining brain health,” says Dr Krishna.
He recommends aerobic exercises, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, which can help improve cardiovascular health and in turn enhance cognitive function.
Furthermore, activities that challenge the brain, such as puzzles, reading, or learning a new skill, stimulate neural connections and may help delay the onset of dementia, he adds.
Moreover, social interactions through group activities or community involvement also provide mental stimulation and emotional support, further reducing the risk.
Conclusion
Dementia is not an inevitable consequence of getting older, as per the WHO. While there is no guaranteed way to prevent it, certain lifestyle choices and exercises can definitely reduce the risk. The key is to address the risk factors, make healthy lifestyle decisions, and engage in various activities to keep your mind sharp. If you have further questions regarding dementia, speak to your doctor for a detailed insight.