As women age and transition into different reproductive phases, hormonal fluctuations become a normal part of the process. In general, hormones help regulate various bodily processes in the body, including metabolism, blood sugar, growth, and stress levels. These are chemicals released by glands in the endocrine system.
Reproductive hormones are made in the ovaries of females and in the testes of males. Female reproductive hormones include oestrogen and progesterone, which play a crucial role in fertility, pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle. However, when ovaries start to produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones, in women, it causes a condition called Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
Also Read: What Is the Difference Between PCOS and PCOD?
While it is a common condition for an estimated 8–13% of reproductive-aged women, the World Health Organization (WHO) states that up to 70% of the affected women remain undiagnosed worldwide. We spoke to Dr Balaji Nalwad, Head of Department and Consultant-Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Hospital, Baner, Pune, to understand the reason behind the same.
Why PCOS Goes Undiagnosed
PCOS and Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) are common hormonal conditions among women of reproductive age groups, but they are often undiagnosed and misunderstood, said Dr Nalwad.
According to the doctor, the key reason behind delayed diagnosis is a lack of information and education.
"Most of the women are not aware of the condition. There are no significant signs and symptoms for which they should approach a doctor. Few women are hesitant to approach the doctor, and others neglect the condition. Sometimes diagnosis gets delayed by healthcare providers due to a lack of a single diagnostic test because PCOS is a diagnosis of exclusion," he further explained.
Do Not Overlook The Signs Of PCOS
PCOS is common in women of reproductive age. As per the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), women often find out about the condition when they have difficulty getting pregnant. However, PCOS can begin soon after the first menstrual period, as young as age 11 or 12, but it can also occur in individuals in their 20s and 30s.
PCOS symptoms may vary from person to person, and in some cases, they may even be less obvious, said Dr Nalwad.
“You may visit a dermatologist for acne, hair growth, darkening of the skin in the body, and creases and folds on the back of the neck, also known as acanthosis nigricans. You may visit gynaecologists for irregular monthly periods, infertility, or consult a physician for weight gain,” he added.
Also Read: 7 Things You Must Know About PCOS
Strategies To Detect PCOS Early
PCOS is diagnosed by the presence of at least one of the following:
- Excessive androgen production by the ovaries leads to symptoms such as unwanted facial hair on the face and body, acne, decreasing breast size, and changes in female body shape.
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods
- Ultrasound scans suggest polycystic ovaries.
Blood tests play a crucial role in evaluating hormonal imbalances, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and infertility. These tests assess Leutinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), testosterone, oestrogen, and insulin, which help provide detailed insights into the endocrine system, Dr Nalwad shared.
Conclusion
PCOS can be asymptomatic or can lead to diverse and sometimes subtle symptoms, which is why the condition remains undiagnosed in several women. However, detecting the condition early is of utmost importance as it is a common cause of infertility and is associated with long-term health risks such as diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and mental health concerns. Therefore, do not ignore any signs of irregular menstrual patterns, facial hair growth, or if you have difficulty conceiving.