Cancer test results often contain medical terms and abbreviations that may confuse patients. Deciphering these results is a vital step in understanding your diagnosis, determining the cancer stage, and planning the appropriate treatment. We reached out to Dr Bhavna Bansal Senior Consultant and HOD, Histopathology Oncquest Laboratories who shared her insights on how to gain an understanding of test reports and work collaboratively with the healthcare team.
Besides, cancer test results encompass a range of diagnostic tools, including blood tests, imaging studies, and biopsies. Each test provides unique insights into cancer's presence, type, and progression. Understanding these tests is the first step toward effective treatment.
Common diagnostic tests for cancer
Biopsy results
A biopsy is the best indication of cancer diagnosis. Pathologists obtain a tissue sample and examine it microscopically to diagnose cells as malignant. In addition, the type of tumour, tumour grade, and other factors informing treatment options will be essential aspects of detail.
Blood Tests
Tests like complete blood counts (CBC) and tumour markers are helping in identifying abnormal findings. Tumour markers such as CA-125 or PSA supplement can never replace an assay; each assay is usually combined with another.
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Reports of Imaging
Imaging studies like X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and PET scans present the size, location, and extent of the spread of tumours. The interpretation of these reports by radiologists usually determines the surgery, radiation, or other therapy decisions.
Role of staging and grading
Staging and grading have a role in determining how to set up the treatment plan. Cancer staging determines the disease extent, usually rated from Stage 0 through Stage IV. Grading reflects the aggressive nature of the cancer cells. Both are critical for developing a treatment plan. For instance, surgery could be the option for early-stage cancer, while chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy is ideal for advanced stages.
Collaborating with your healthcare team
Understanding your results allows you to communicate effectively with your oncologist. Asking questions about the results of the tests, available treatment options, and how efficacious they are ensures you become part of the care process.
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Next steps after diagnosis
Exploring treatment options
The variety of treatment approaches depends on what kind of cancer you are suffering from and at what stage. Surgery, chemotherapy, medication therapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are a few of its common treatments. Every treatment then is achieved according to an individual's need.
Second opinion
If the exam results are unclear or the proposed treatment plan does not go well, getting a second opinion can provide additional insight and reassurance.
Emotional and practical support
Cancer changes a person's life, and there is the trauma it causes in the mind that goes with the disease. Counselling, support groups, and patient information can help manage emotional problems and give a helping hand in dealing with ongoing treatment.
Importance of regular monitoring
Treatment and management of cancer usually involve continuous monitoring to assess the progress of the disease and treatment response. Regular visits for follow-up studies, such as imaging, blood tests, or biopsies, are essential for:
- Assess the effectiveness of treatment: whether or not the cancer is being reduced or maintained by the treatment.
- Evidence of the recurrence of cancer: finding any signs of cancer coming back while it is still possible to treat it best.
- Monitoring overall health: to detect any possible side effects or complications from the treatment.
Patients should follow up immediately and adequately report any new symptoms to their doctor.
In gist
Cancer test results serve as a critical foundation for diagnosis and treatment planning. Patients can confidently approach their treatment journey by understanding the reports and engaging with their healthcare providers. Empowering yourself with knowledge and support ensures you are not just a passive recipient of care but an informed advocate for your health.