Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive type of breast cancer that progresses rapidly and often presents differently from other forms of the disease. Unlike traditional breast cancers, which typically develop as a lump, IBC primarily affects the skin and lymphatic system of the breast. This can make it more challenging to detect, particularly in its early stages.
To understand Inflammatory Breast Cancer in detail, OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Dr Karishma Kirti, Consultant Breast Specialist and Oncoplastic Surgeon. She explained, “Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare but aggressive type of breast cancer. It accounts for 1–5% of all breast cancer cases and tends to progress quickly, making early detection and treatment vital.”
Recognising the Symptoms of IBC
IBC often begins with noticeable changes in the breast, which can be mistaken for an infection such as mastitis. However, unlike infections, IBC does not improve with antibiotics and often worsens. Key symptoms include:
Redness and Swelling: The breast may appear red, inflamed, and feel warm to the touch.
Skin Changes: The skin might thicken or develop a pitted texture, resembling an orange peel (peau d’orange).
Rapid Onset: Symptoms can develop quickly over a matter of weeks, unlike the slower progression seen in most other breast cancers.
Breast Enlargement: The affected breast may become larger or appear swollen.
Pain or Tenderness: Many individuals experience discomfort, tenderness, or a sensation of heaviness.
Inverted Nipple: The nipple may turn inward or appear flattened.
No Lump: In many cases, a lump is not present, making detection more challenging.
Dr Kirti notes, “IBC is sometimes mistaken for infections like mastitis due to its redness and swelling, particularly in younger women or breastfeeding mothers. However, its symptoms persist or worsen, underscoring the importance of thorough medical evaluation.”
Also read: How Does Alcohol Consumption Increase The Risk Of Breast Cancer?
Diagnosing Inflammatory Breast Cancer
A timely and accurate diagnosis is essential to manage IBC effectively. Diagnosis typically involves:
Clinical Examination: A thorough physical examination of the breast.
Imaging Tests: Mammograms, ultrasounds, or MRIs to identify abnormalities.
Biopsy: Skin or tissue samples are taken to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
Staging Workup: PET scans or other imaging tests to check if the cancer has spread beyond the breast and lymph nodes.
Treatment Options for IBC
Due to its aggressive nature, IBC requires a comprehensive treatment plan combining multiple therapies:
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Administered before surgery to shrink the tumour and address potential spread.
Surgery: Typically, a mastectomy (removal of the entire breast) is performed along with lymph node removal. Breast-conserving surgery is not recommended for IBC.
Radiation Therapy: Used to target remaining cancer cells in the chest wall and surrounding lymph nodes.
Targeted Therapy: HER2-positive cancers may be treated with drugs like trastuzumab or pertuzumab.
Hormonal Therapy: Hormone receptor-positive cancers are managed with medications that block oestrogen or progesterone.
Immunotherapy: For triple-negative breast cancers, immunotherapy with pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy can improve outcomes.
Prognosis and Outlook
The prognosis for IBC is generally less favourable than for other breast cancers, primarily because it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage (Stage III or IV). However, modern treatment approaches are improving survival rates.
Dr Kirti emphasises, “The prognosis depends on factors like the stage at diagnosis, the tumour’s response to treatment, and the cancer subtype. HER2-positive and hormone receptor-positive IBCs generally have more treatment options and better outcomes compared to triple-negative IBCs.”
The Importance of Early Recognition
Early detection and prompt treatment significantly improve outcomes for IBC patients. By spreading awareness of its symptoms and encouraging proactive medical care, lives can be saved.
Dr Kirti concludes, “While IBC is challenging to treat, advancements in cancer therapies are offering new hope to patients. Recognising symptoms early and seeking medical attention promptly are critical in improving survival rates.”
Inflammatory Breast Cancer serves as a reminder of the importance of vigilance in breast health. Understanding its symptoms and acting quickly can make all the difference.