Have you ever noticed changes in your skin when your blood pressure rises? High blood pressure, or hypertension, isn't just a concern for your heart; it can also affect the health and appearance of your skin. The skin, being the largest organ in the body, mirrors the internal state of our health. Hypertension which is a common cardiovascular problem can disrupt the flow dynamics and circulation to the skin therefore leading to adverse effects on the skin.
We spoke to our expert Dr Ritika Shanmugam, Consultant- Dermatology and Cosmetology, Manipal Hospital, Malleshwaram, who explained the effects of high blood pressure on your skin.
According to a 2021 study, hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is defined by standard criteria as having a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 140 mmHg or higher, and a diastolic BP of 90 mmHg or higher. Hypertension in India has reached an alarming prevalence, estimated to contribute to 10.8% of all deaths nationwide.
How Does High Blood Pressure Affect Your Skin?
Hypertension compromises the blood flow and circulation to the skin thereby depriving it of oxygen and nutrients leading to damage to the blood vessels. "This decreased blood flow to the skin deprives it of the immune cells impairing the skin's ability to regenerate and repair after an injury leading to delayed wound healing. The skin's inability to maintain its integrity leads to various issues, such as dryness, dullness, and premature wrinkles," said Dr Shanmugam.
She added, "Erythema, or redness, results from the widening of blood vessels just beneath the skin's surface. This can lead to flushing of the face in people with uncontrolled hypertension. Petechia or red or purple spots in the skin are present due to vascular damage related to hypertension. Chronic severe hypertension can cause thinning, fragility, and easy susceptibility to breakage due to compromised blood flow."
Also Read: Anxiety And High Blood Pressure: Expert Explains Their Connection And Management Measures
Skin Reactions to Hypertension Medications
Certain skin conditions, such as acne and psoriasis can be aggravated due to hypertension the exact cause is unknown but studies have shown that the exacerbation may be due to immune dysfunction and inflammatory processes.
The medications that are used to treat hypertension can also lead to adverse effects on the skin.
- Beta blockers can cause lichenoid, eczematous, and psoriasiform eruptions
- Ace inhibitors can cause pruritus, photosensitivity, hair loss, and urticarial
- Serious drug reactions have been reported due to antihypertensives
Management of Skin Conditions Due to Hypertension
"Managing hypertension is crucial to treating associated skin issues. Therapies, such as topical treatments and laser therapy are used to alleviate symptoms. Regular monitoring by a dermatologist is recommended for individuals on antihypertensive medications," said Dr Shanmugam.
Preventive Measures To Follow
Preventing hypertension-related skin issues involves lifestyle modifications.
- Stress Management: Practices, such as mindfulness or relaxation exercises can be beneficial
- Physical Activity: Regular exercise supports overall skin health and helps control blood pressure
- Dietary Adjustments: Maintaining a balanced diet low in sodium and rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can reduce skin-related hypertension effects
- Avoidance: Refraining from smoking and excessive alcohol consumption is beneficial for both skin and cardiovascular health
- Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise can help manage blood pressure and promote healthier skin
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]