Hina Khan, a celebrated actor known for her inspiring performances, has faced a challenging 2024 due to a diagnosis of stage 3 breast cancer. She first opened up about her diagnosis on June 28, 2024, sharing her journey with fans on social media. Since then, she has been transparent about her experiences, from undergoing chemotherapy to making tough personal decisions, such as cutting her hair and eventually shaving her head. Her courage and openness have drawn admiration from her followers.
Recently, Hina revealed another hurdle in her battle with cancer: mucositis, a painful side effect of chemotherapy. In a heartfelt social media post, she shared her struggle with mucositis and requested advice from her online community on how to manage the pain. The response was overwhelming, with fans offering their support and sharing their experiences with the condition. But what exactly is mucositis, and how can it be treated?
What is Mucositis?
As per Dr Mukesh Patekar, Medical Oncology, Artemis Hospital, mucositis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which extends from the mouth to the intestines. These membranes act as a protective barrier, but certain cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can damage them, leading to mucositis. In Hina's case, the mucositis has affected her oral mucosa, the part of the GI tract that lines the mouth.
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Mucositis is a common side effect of cancer treatments, particularly those that target rapidly dividing cells. While these treatments are effective at killing cancer cells, they can also harm healthy cells in the mucous membranes, leading to painful inflammation. The condition can affect various parts of the digestive system, but it is particularly debilitating when it impacts the mouth, making it difficult to eat, drink, and speak.
Signs and Symptoms of Mucositis
Mucositis presents itself in different ways depending on which part of the GI tract is affected. When it occurs in the mouth, known as oral mucositis, the symptoms include:
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- Red, swollen gums and mouth
- Dryness in the mouth
- Thickened saliva
- Mouth ulcers
- White patches of pus
- Pain and difficulty swallowing, eating, or talking
- Bleeding in the mouth
When the condition affects the GI tract, symptoms may include:
- Red, inflamed abdominal lining
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Blood or mucus in stool
- Painful bowel movements
Causes of Mucositis
Mucositis typically occurs as a result of cancer treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or stem cell transplants. These treatments target rapidly dividing cancer cells but also harm the fast-replicating cells that form the mucous membranes. When these membranes become damaged, they are more susceptible to infection and inflammation, leading to mucositis.
Although mucositis can also develop due to infections, it is most commonly seen as a side effect of cancer therapy. Other factors, such as poor oral hygiene and malnutrition, can exacerbate the condition.
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Treatment Options for Mucositis
Thankfully, mucositis tends to heal on its own once cancer treatment concludes. However, managing the symptoms and preventing further irritation is crucial to ensuring the healing process is as smooth as possible. Mucositis typically appears within one to two weeks after starting chemotherapy and heals within one to six weeks after treatment ends.
Pain Management
Pain is one of the most challenging symptoms of mucositis, especially when it affects the mouth. Managing pain effectively is crucial to maintaining the ability to eat, drink, and recover properly. Pain relief options include:
- Topical anaesthetics: These include medications such as lidocaine or benzocaine, which numb the affected area temporarily.
- Anti-inflammatory medications: Drugs like prednisone can help reduce inflammation.
- Over-the-counter pain relievers: Medications like acetaminophen can ease pain, but stronger prescription narcotics may be necessary in severe cases.
Oral Care and Hygiene
Maintaining proper oral hygiene is essential when dealing with oral mucositis. This helps prevent additional irritation and protects the mucous membranes from infection. Recommended oral care practices include:
- Gentle brushing: Brush three to four times a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. If toothpaste causes discomfort, a salt and baking soda paste can be a gentle alternative.
- Mouth rinsing: Rinse the mouth with saltwater or a baking soda solution multiple times a day. Avoid alcohol-based mouthwashes, as they can be too harsh.
- Diet modifications: Stick to a soft, mild diet and avoid spicy, acidic, or crunchy foods that could further irritate the mouth.
Hydration and Nutrition
Staying hydrated is key to managing mucositis, especially since dry mouth is a common symptom. Drinking plenty of water and using artificial saliva can help maintain moisture. Some people find relief by sucking on ice chips. Additionally, protein shakes may be a good option for maintaining nutrition without aggravating the mouth.
Bottomline
Hina Khan's battle with cancer and her recent mucositis diagnosis highlight the often-overlooked side effects of cancer treatment. While mucositis can be incredibly painful and disruptive, proper management and care can alleviate symptoms and aid in the healing process. As Hina continues to face her health challenges, her transparency and strength are a reminder to many others that they are not alone in their fight against cancer.