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Do you think you’re safe from plastic pollution? Think again. Microplastics are tiny, sneaky particles no bigger than a grain of sand that are in your food, your water, and even in the air you breathe. They’ve made their way into our bodies, and scientists are ringing alarm bells over potential health risks, like inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and links to cancer.
A study published in Nature has revealed that India has become the world’s largest contributor to plastic pollution, accounting for nearly 20% of the total global plastic waste. With 9.3 million tonnes of plastic waste generated annually, India's contribution to this environmental catastrophe is larger than that of entire regions.
While you can’t eliminate microplastics from your life entirely, you can cut down on how much you’re exposed to. Here are five practical (and surprisingly simple) ways to minimise exposure and take back a little control over your health.
What Are Microplastics?
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In a conversation with the OnlyMyHealth team, our expert Dr. Farah Ingale, Director of Internal Medicine, Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, Vashi, said, “Microplastics are small plastic particles that measure less than 5 millimetres in diameter. They are ubiquitous, found in water, air, food, and in almost every household item.” Dr. Ingale further emphasised that exposure to microplastics is linked to several health risks, like inflammation, oxidative stress, digestive issues, respiratory issues, and even cancer, as they have harmful substances that accumulate in the body over time.
Why Is Exposure To Microplastics Harmful?
Previous studies suggest that humans consume anywhere from tens of thousands to millions of microplastic particles annually, amounting to several milligrams daily. In lab experiments, microplastics have been found to harm human cells, triggering allergic responses and even leading to cell death. Extensive research highlights the dangers of toxins present in plastics and draws connections between pollution exposure and respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and various cancers—conditions that claim millions of lives each year.
Related: Columbia Study Finds 2,40,000 Nanoplastics In 1L Bottled Water: Here’s How It Can Damage Your Health
5 Expert Tips To Minimise Exposure
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Our expert, Dr Ignale shared these measures and tips one can follow to minimise exposure to microplastics because, let’s be honest—completely cutting out exposure to plastics is impossible; one can only mitigate the risks.
Reduce Single-use Plastics
Reduce use of bottles, straws, and wrappers, which are major sources of microplastics. Opt for reusable bottles, containers, etc.; use products with minimal plastics or biodegradable packaging.
Filter Your Water
Microplastics are found worldwide in tap water, as they leach in the water due to environmental contamination and usage of plastic pipes. Use water filters that are capable of capturing microplastics, with filter sizes of 1 micron or smaller, like activated carbon filters or reverse osmosis.
Avoid Synthetic Fabrics and Microbeads
Synthetic fabrics like polyester, nylon, and acrylic shed microplastic fibres every time they’re washed. These microscopic particles then enter water systems, eventually making their way back into our food and water supply. Opt for natural alternatives like cotton, wool, linen, or bamboo whenever possible. If you must use synthetic clothing, consider washing them with a microfibre filter bag or filter attachment to capture plastic fibres before they enter the water.
Support Plastic Reduction Efforts
Reducing microplastic pollution is a community effort. Support initiatives that aim to curb plastic misuse by backing legislation, joining awareness campaigns, or participating in cleanup drives. Beach cleanups, for instance, help remove larger plastic waste before it breaks down into microplastics that pollute marine life and our food chain.
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Clean Your House Regularly
Microplastics can accumulate in household dust and settle on carpets, furniture, and other surfaces. Regular cleaning helps minimise your exposure. Use a vacuum with a HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filter, which is designed to capture microscopic particles, including microplastics. HEPA-filter vacuums trap these particles more effectively than regular vacuums, preventing them from recirculating in the air.
Takeaway
Microplastics are unavoidable in today’s world, but by making conscious choices, like avoiding synthetic fabrics, supporting plastic reduction initiatives, and maintaining a clean home, you can significantly reduce your exposure. Small, consistent actions not only protect your health but also contribute to a cleaner environment for future generations.