The World Health Organization (WHO) gave pre-qualification approval to the first Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) self-test on July 10, 2024. This move aims to provide essential support to expand access to testing and diagnosis, thereby accelerating global efforts to eliminate hepatitis C. Hepatitis is a liver inflammation that is frequently brought on by a viral infection. It can also result from other infections, toxic substances, certain medications, and chronic diseases.
The new product, OraQuick HCV self-test, developed by US-based OraSure Technologies, is designed for individuals without requiring any expertise. It is an extension of the OraQuick® HCV Rapid Antibody Test, which WHO prequalified in 2017 for professional use.
In 2021, the WHO recommended HCV self-testing (HCVST) as a supplement to existing HCV testing services. This recommendation was based on evidence showing that self-testing increases access to and uptake of services, especially among those who might not otherwise test.
Every day 3500 lives are lost to viral hepatitis. Of the 50 million people living with hepatitis C, only 36% had been diagnosed, and 20% have received curative treatment by the end of 2022,” said Dr Meg Doherty, WHO Director, Department of Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes.
Dr Doherty added that the addition of this product to the WHO prequalification list provides a safe and effective means to broaden HCV testing and treatment services. This will help more people get the diagnosis and treatment they need, ultimately advancing the global goal of eliminating HCV.
What Is Hepatitis C
“Hepatitis C, caused by the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), is mainly transmitted through blood-to-blood contact. It often results in chronic liver infection, potentially progressing to cirrhosis and liver cancer over time. Although the risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C is lower than that of hepatitis B, it remains a concern and requires careful monitoring during pregnancy,” said Dr Nazia Dalwai, MBBS DGO, Gynecologist and Obstetrician, Mumbai.
According to WHO, around 50 million people are estimated to suffer from chronic hepatitis C virus infection, with roughly 1.0 million new infections each year.
Also Read: Factors Contributing To Hepatitis Burden In India And The Measures To Take Against It
Symptoms of Hepatitis C
Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, and yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice). There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C, but antiviral medications are available for treatment.
If your body does not eliminate the virus, acute hepatitis C will progress to chronic hepatitis C. Approximately 55-85% of people infected with HCV are expected to develop chronic hepatitis C, as stated by the WHO.
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), when a person has acute hepatitis, symptoms can persist for up to six months. However, in over 50% of cases, the acute infection becomes chronic, indicating that the body cannot eliminate the virus.
Who Should Be Screened For Hepatitis C?
As per the data published in NIDDK, doctors recommend a one-time screening for all adults aged 18-79 for hepatitis C. Those who don't exhibit any symptoms are subjected to screening for diseases. To screen for hepatitis C, doctors use blood tests. Many people with hepatitis C are asymptomatic and unaware of their infection. Screening tests can help doctors diagnose and treat hepatitis C early, preventing serious health issues.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]