Bariatric surgery is a medical procedure designed to help individuals with severe obesity lose weight by altering the digestive system. The main types of bariatric surgery include gastric bypass, gastric sleeve, and gastric banding. These surgeries promote weight loss by restricting food intake, reducing nutrient absorption, or both. Bariatric surgery is often considered when traditional weight loss methods prove ineffective, and it can lead to significant and sustained weight loss, improving overall health and addressing obesity-related comorbidities.
Bariatric surgery involves a multidisciplinary approach to address obesity and its associated comorbidities. A team of experts, including a bariatric physician, nutritionist, bariatric counsellor, and bariatric anaesthetist, collaboratively reviews patients at least two weeks before surgery, tailoring individualised preoperative guidance plans based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and existing health conditions.
We spoke to our expert Dr. Pradeep Chowbey, Chairman, Laparoscopic, Endoscopic & Bariatric Surgery, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket as he sheds light on precautions one must take before and after bariatric surgery. Here is what he shared with us.
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Precautions Before Bariatric Surgery
1. Diet
A low-calorie diet is typically recommended before surgery, but for individuals with a BMI exceeding 50kg/m2, a very low-calorie diet plan is advised for a specific duration leading up to the surgery.
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2. Medications
Adjustments or cessation of certain medications may be necessary based on comorbidities. Full disclosure of all medications, including supplements, to the medical team is critical for optimal preoperative care.
3. Smoking
Quitting smoking several weeks before surgery is highly recommended to minimise the risk of infections and other complications associated with surgery.
4. Alcohol
Abstaining from alcohol is essential to ensure overall health and optimal liver function, which is crucial for a successful surgery.
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5. Psychological Preparation
Understanding the emotional and lifestyle changes post-surgery is vital for successful adaptation. Bariatric counselling plays a significant role in preparing individuals mentally for the transformation.
6. Bariatric Anaesthetist Review and Investigations
A thorough review by a bariatric anaesthetist and necessary investigations are crucial steps before surgery to ensure the patient's safety and suitability for the procedure.
Precautions After Bariatric Surgery
1. Immediate Postoperative Period
Patients are encouraged to be up and about on the same day of the surgery, with gradual mobilisation within a few hours.
2. Diet
Post-surgery, a liquid diet is initiated and then progressed to a new, healthy eating plan that emphasises protein and small, frequent meals to facilitate proper healing and weight loss.
3. Activity
Gradually increasing physical activity, starting with walking and gentle exercises, is recommended. Listening to one's body and avoiding strenuous activities is essential during the recovery period.
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4. Supplements
To mitigate potential nutritional deficiencies, specific vitamin and mineral supplements are often recommended as part of the postoperative care plan.
5. Follow-up Appointments
Compliance is paramount, and attending all scheduled follow-up appointments with the surgeon and the bariatric team is crucial for monitoring progress and addressing any concerns. This includes participation in support groups and regular visits to nutritionists for ongoing guidance.
Bottomline
Bariatric surgery, when performed within a comprehensive framework of preoperative preparations and postoperative care, can significantly contribute to successful weight loss and improved health outcomes. Following the recommended precautions and guidelines ensures a smoother journey towards a healthier and more fulfilling life post-surgery.