Diabetic nephropathy, referred to as diabetic kidney disease as well, is a notable complication that develops in people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This condition impairs the kidneys' ability to efficiently remove excess fluids and waste products from the body. Over time, it progressively damages the delicate filtering system of the kidneys. However, with early treatment and effective management of diabetes along with high blood pressure, it is possible to slow down or prevent advancement of the condition and lessen the risk of complications. In an interaction with OnlyMyHealth, Dr Amar Kant Amar, MBBS, MD(MEDICINE), shared inputs about diabetic nephropathy.
According to Dr Amar, filtering waste products and excess fluid from the circulation, generating urine, and controlling blood pressure, the kidneys play an important role in overall health.
As per him, long durations of high blood sugar and poorly controlled diabetes cause damage to the blood vessels and cells of the kidneys, resulting in reduced kidney function in diabetic nephropathy. High blood pressure worsens the illness by increasing pressure within the kidney's filtering system.
Symptoms Of Diabetic Nephropathy
During the early stages of diabetic nephropathy, individuals may not experience noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms such as:
- Worsening blood pressure control
- Presence of protein in the urine
- Swelling in the feet, ankles, and hands, or under the eyes
- Increased frequency of urination
- Confusion or difficulty focusing
- Shortness of breath
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Persistent itching and fatigue may manifest
If any of the above signs or symptoms of kidney disease are observed, it is crucial to consult a medical professional. For individuals with diabetes, regular visits to a doctor on a yearly basis, or as recommended, for kidney function tests are essential.
Also read: Diabetes Raises The Risk For Heart Disease In Women: All You Need to Know
Risk Factors And Complications
Some risk factors that contribute to the possibility of developing diabetic nephropathy include:
- Uncontrolled high blood sugar levels
- Uncontrolled high blood pressure
- Smoking
- High blood cholesterol
- Obesity
- Family history of diabetes and/or kidney disease.
Diabetic nephropathy complications might develop gradually over months or years. Complications may include:
- Fluid retention, leading to swelling in the legs and arms
- High blood pressure or fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary oedema)
- Elevated levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalaemia)
- Cardiovascular disease, potentially resulting in a stroke
- Damage to the blood vessels in the eye's light-sensitive tissue (diabetic retinopathy)
- Reduced red blood cell count causing anaemia, nerve and blood vessel damage leading to foot Sores
- Erectile dysfunction, and other related problems
- Bone and mineral disorders due to an imbalance in phosphorus and calcium levels in the blood
- Pregnancy complications, carrying risks for both the mother and developing foetus
- Irreversible kidney damage (end-stage kidney disease) that may necessitate dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.
Also read: Green Juices That Help Control Diabetes
Prevention And Treatment
Preventing the development of diabetic nephropathy involves adhering to regular appointments for diabetes management and monitoring. Effective treatment of diabetes is necessary to prevent or delay the onset of diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, managing high blood pressure and other medical conditions plays a significant role.
It is very crucial to follow instructions provided about over-the-counter medications, in order to prevent kidney damage. Maintaining a healthy weight by regular physical activity and proper nutrition is also beneficial. Quitting smoking is highly recommended to prevent further damage to the kidneys.
Diabetic nephropathy is a severe complication of diabetes that impairs the kidneys' ability to function properly. Through proper management of diabetes and high blood pressure, along with adoption of a healthy lifestyle, it is possible to slow down or completely stop the progression of this disease. Regular medical check-ups and adherence to treatment plans are crucial for individuals living with diabetes to preserve kidney health and for their overall well-being.
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