Actor Dheeraj Kumar, 79, Dies After Battle With Pneumonia: What to Know About Elderly Pneumonia Risks

What Is Pneumonia and Why Is It Serious?

Pneumonia is a disease that infects and inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may become filled with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe. Symptoms are usually coughing, pain in the chest, fever, and chills. Shortness of breath or fatigue also occurs in some people. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It spreads easily, especially in crowded places or healthcare settings. For most healthy adults, pneumonia is treatable, and recovery is likely. But in seniors, the risks are much higher.

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Why Are Older Adults More at Risk?

According to Dr Swapnil Khadake, Head of Critical Care Medicine, Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, Vashi, as individuals age, their bodies undergo changes. The immune system weakens and can no longer fight infections as well. Older individuals also might have other health issues such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or kidney disease. All of these things predispose them to developing pneumonia and a decreased ability to recover from it.

Actually, each year nearly one million older adults are hospitalised with pneumonia or related complications. That's because older adults tend to have:

• Weaker immune defences
• Muscle wasting, which makes it more difficult to cough
• Long-term illnesses that involve the lungs and heart
• Increased susceptibility following surgery or illness

Pneumonia Symptoms in Older Adults

Pneumonia in older adults may not appear as pneumonia does in younger adults. They may not have a high fever or outright chest pain. The first signs may be confusion, weakness, or loss of appetite. They may also become less capable of functioning in daily life. Symptoms that older adults may develop include:

• Cough with phlegm
• Confusion or sudden forgetfulness
• Chest pain or shortness of breath
• Tiredness or less energy than normal
• Low body temperature
• Nausea or diarrhoea

Complications and Risks for Seniors

For older adults, pneumonia can become serious fast. The infection might spread to the blood from the lungs, leading to sepsis, a potentially deadly reaction. Fluid can also accumulate around the lungs, or an abscess can develop. Some older adults may require oxygen therapy or a stay in the hospital.

Even when treated properly, pneumonia may lead to long-term issues or even death in older adults. In one study, severe pneumonia can kill 20% of older adults. The same study discovered that chronic illness, low albumin, and electrolyte problems increase the risk of pneumonia.  

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Conclusion

Dheeraj Kumar’s final illness is a reminder of how serious pneumonia is for our elders. Prevention, like getting vaccinated for flu and pneumonia, practising good hygiene, and managing chronic conditions, matters. Quick action, good care, and support during recovery can save lives.