Cervical cancer has become one of the most pressing health challenges globally. This cancer develops when abnormal cells grow in the cervix. But the good news is that cervical cancer is highly preventable if detected early. January, which marks Cervical Cancer Awareness Month highlights the importance of understanding early symptoms and adopting preventive measures. We spoke to Dr Gandhali Deorukhkar, Consultant - Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wockhardt Hospitals, Mumbai Central, who listed the early symptoms of this cancer and how to prevent it.
What Is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer originates in the cervix cells and usually develops slowly over time. The cervix is a reproductive part connecting the uterus to the vagina. The cells in the cervix go through changes called dysplasia before becoming cancerous. The abnormal cells appear in the cervical tissue and if not treated, they turn into cancer and start growing deeper into the cervix and its nearby areas.
Cervical cancers are classified based on the type of cell they originate from. There are two types of cervical cancer, including:
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Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
The most common cause of developing cervical cancer is usually Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which spreads through sexual contact. HPV is very common, and in most cases, it doesn’t cause any problems and goes away on its own. However, in some people, the virus can cause changes in the cells that might lead to cancer.
Other risk factors are age, smoking, a weakened immune system, and prolonged use of birth control pills, but HPV is still the main cause.
Also Read: Cervical Cancer: Expert Lists Daily Life Habits That May Increase Chances Of This Cancer
Early Signs of Cervical Cancer
When the cancer first develops, you may not notice any symptoms. However, as it develops, there may be occurrences of various symptoms. Here are some symptoms you should watch for, as listed by Dr Deorukhkar:
Unusual vaginal bleeding: Post-menopausal bleeding, bleeding after intercourse, or spotting between periods.
Abnormal vaginal discharge: Persistent, foul-smelling, or watery discharge.
Pelvic pain: Persistent pain in the pelvic area or lower back.
Painful intercourse: Discomfort or pain during sexual activity.
Prevention Tips
It is surprising to learn that one out of every five women worldwide, who suffers from cervical cancer is an Indian, as found in the Indian Journal of Medical Research journal. Hence, it becomes important to take precautionary measures to avoid the development of cervical cancer. Follow these preventive tips shared by Dr Deorukhkar:
Vaccination: The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing most cervical cancer cases caused by the HPV. According to a 2017 study, adolescent girls aged 9 to 13 are advised to receive two doses of the HPV vaccine.
Regular Screenings: Women of the age group 21-65 should undergo routine Pap smears and HPV tests. According to the National Cancer Institute(NCI), early cancer screening can help detect precancerous cells early. If treated at this age, these cells are prevented from turning into cancer, making the treatment easier.
Safe Sexual Practices: Always use protection and limit the number of sexual partners to reduce the risk of HPV transmission.
Healthy Lifestyle:Try to quit smoking and maintain a balanced diet to boost immunity. According to NCI, smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke increase the risk of cervical cancer. The risk grows with more frequent smoking or greater exposure to secondhand smoke.
Also Read: What is the Recommended Age for Receiving the HPV Vaccine? Is It Effective For Adults Over 26?
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What are the First Signs of Cervical Cancer?
The first signs of cervical cancer often go unnoticed because it develops gradually. However, some symptoms may include unusual vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, and painful intercourse.
2. Can Cervical Cancer Be Cured Completely?
Yes, cervical cancer can be cured completely if it is found early. This can be achieved if the person regularly performs Pap smears and HPV tests. The treatment is done with the help of surgery, radiation therapy, or a combination of treatments. For advanced cases, targeted therapies or immunotherapies may also be effective.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your professional if you are dealing with any health issue to avoid complications.]