There are superstitions that associate white spots on nails with good luck, also known as Shakun. However, it's important to note that these beliefs are not based on scientific evidence and are purely cultural or folkloric in nature. In fact, it could be something problematic from a health perspective. In medical terms, white spots on nails are called leukonychia. Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Tushar Tayal, Consultant, Internal Medicine, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, explains the condition and what causes it.
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What Is Leukonychia?
“Nails are normally pink in colour but due to certain medical conditions, trauma or exposure to toxins, they may develop white patches or lines called Leukonychia,” said Dr Tayal, adding that it may be in the form of spots or transverse or longitudinal lines on the nails.
According to a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, leukonychia, or white nails, is usually not an alarming sign, but it can sometimes unveil severe systemic disorders or congenital conditions.
Causes
Leukonychia refers to the condition of white spots or discoloration on the nails. It can occur for various reasons, including the following:
Trauma: The most common cause of leukonychia is minor trauma or injury to the nail bed. Banging or hitting the nails can lead to white spots that appear as the nail grows out.
Nail biting: Frequent nail biting or picking at the nails can cause trauma to the nail bed, resulting in white spots.
Nutritional deficiencies: While it is a misconception that white spots indicate specific nutrient deficiencies, severe and prolonged deficiencies of certain minerals or vitamins, such as zinc, iron, or calcium, can affect nail health and lead to changes in their appearance. A study published in the International Journal of Trichology, zinc deficiency decreases the rate of nail growth and causes the nails to become fragile and brittle, even leading them to crack.
Fungal infections: Fungal infections of the nails, such as onychomycosis, can cause discoloration and white spots. These spots may be accompanied by other symptoms like thickening, brittleness, and changes in nail shape.
Allergic reactions: Allergies to certain chemicals or substances can manifest as white spots on the nails. For example, contact dermatitis caused by nail polish or nail polish remover can lead to discoloration.
Systemic diseases: In rare cases, certain systemic conditions or diseases, such as kidney disease, liver disease, or psoriasis, may cause white spots or changes in nail appearance.
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When To Consult A Doctor
According to Dr Tayal, if you notice the spots are persistent or worsening, you should consult a doctor who may perform one or more tests. These include:
- Mycology, where fungal or nail clippings are sent for study under a microscope
- Nail biopsy, where a sample of the nail or skin tissue is sent for study under a microscope
- Blood test, where blood is examined for evidence of systemic disease or heavy metal poisoning
Conclusion
Most cases of leukonychia are harmless and resolve on their own as the nails grow. However, if you have concerns about the appearance of your nails or experience any other accompanying symptoms, such as thickened nails and discolouration, it's recommended to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis.