When it comes to cataract, a condition that causes clouding of the natural lens in the eye, older adults are the group of people who come to our minds. People aged between 40-50 years are said to be at a higher risk of eye disease. According to the National Eye Institute, around age 40, the proteins in the lens of the eye begin to break down and 'clump' together, which eventually creates cloudiness in the area on your lens.
Interestingly, cataract is not just limited to the older population, rather can also occur in younger people. Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Anil Radhakrishnan, Consultant and Clinical Associate Professor, Ophthalmology, Amrita Hospital, Kochi, shares the causes and symptoms to watch out for.
Possible Causes Of Cataract In Young People
The National Eye Institute says most cataracts are related to age and occur because of normal changes in the eyes as one gets older.
In younger people, the reasons may differ. “A significant reason is if their eyes experience an injury, which can lead to cloudiness in the lens inside the eye,” says Dr Radhakrishnan.
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Additionally, cataracts can develop after eye surgery or due to factors like smoking, being overweight, or insufficient control of diabetes or high blood pressure.
Certain medicines, like high doses of corticosteroids taken over an extended period, can also result in the early appearance of cataracts, according to the doctor. Moreover, prolonged exposure to sunlight without proper eye protection can also accelerate cataract development.
Childhood Cataract Prevalence
It may come as a surprise, but cataract can also occur in children.
It is estimated to affect approximately 1 to 15/10,000 children worldwide, accounting for 5%–20% of childhood blindness, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), adding that approximately 10% of childhood blindness is caused by cataract in India. It is alarming to note that about 20,000-40,000 new cases of bilateral congenital cataracts are diagnosed each year.
A study published in the Journal Cureus also found that cataract is common among children with Down syndrome, with an incidence of 6-50%.
Symptoms Of Cataract
Common symptoms of cataracts include:
- Increasing blurred vision
- Sensitivity to glare
- Difficulty seeing at night
- Faded colours
In addition, individuals may experience a sensation of looking through a foggy or cloudy window.
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How To Prevent
To prevent cataracts, different measures need to be taken. According to Dr Radhakrishnan, to avoid cataract due to eye trauma, it's important to wear protective eyewear when participating in sports or engaging in activities that could lead to eye injuries.
Furthermore, regular eye exams are crucial, especially for individuals prescribed corticosteroids, to detect any early signs of cataracts, the doctor adds.
“Effective management of chronic health conditions like diabetes and hypertension may also help in prevention. Wearing sunglasses with proper Ultraviolet (UV) protection is essential to shield your eyes from harmful rays,” the doctor recommends.
Conclusion
While older adults are more prone to eye-related issues, such as cataract, younger people should pay heed if they have experienced any recent injury or underwent a surgery, especially if you have conditions like hypertension and diabetes. Make sure you visit an ophthalmologist or eye specialist for regular checkups and maintain hygiene while handling your eyes.