Anaemia is a condition characterised by a deficiency of red blood cells or haemoglobin, resulting in a decreased capacity of the blood to carry oxygen. While often associated with women, particularly due to menstrual cycles and pregnancy, anaemia can also affect men. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and management of anaemia in men is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. To know more about anaemia in men, the Onlymyhealth team spoke to Dr Silky Jain, Pediatric Haemato-Oncologist and BMT Physician, Jaypee Hospital, Noida.
What Causes Anaemia In Men?
According to a Lancet study, 1.92 billion people in the world were living with anaemia as of 2021. Out of these extreme numbers, 17.5% were men. Talking about the most common causes that induce anaemia in men, Dr Jain listed:
Nutritional Deficiencies
Dr Jain said, “The most common cause of anaemia is a lack of iron, which is essential for producing haemoglobin. Poor dietary intake, malabsorption, or chronic blood loss can lead to iron deficiency.
Other nutritional deficiencies paving the way for anaemia in men are Vitamin B12 and Folate deficiency. “These vitamins are vital for red blood cell production. A deficiency can result from poor dietary intake, absorption issues, or certain medical conditions,” said Dr Jain.
Chronic Diseases
Another reason for anaemia in men can be disorders like:
- Chronic Kidney Disease: As informed by a study led by Central Michigan University, the kidneys produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Kidney disease can impair this process, leading to anaemia.
- Cancer: Certain cancers, particularly those affecting the bone marrow or causing chronic blood loss, can lead to anaemia.
- Inflammatory Diseases: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease can cause anaemia of chronic disease, where inflammation interferes with red blood cell production and lifespan.
Genetic Disorders
“Autoimmune disorder and hereditary diseases can also cause anaemia in men,” said Dr Jain. He listed:
- Thalassemia: This inherited blood disorder affects haemoglobin production, leading to varying degrees of anaemia.
- Sickle Cell Disease: Another genetic condition, sickle cell disease causes red blood cells to become misshapen and break down prematurely, leading to chronic anaemia.
Blood Loss
Dr Jain said, “Blood loss is a significant contributor to anaemia in men. It can happen due to trauma or bleeding disorders.” He listed:
- Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Ulcers, haemorrhoids, or cancers in the gastrointestinal tract can cause chronic or acute blood loss.
- Injuries or Surgeries: Significant blood loss from trauma or surgical procedures can result in anaemia if not adequately managed.
Symptoms of Anaemia in Men
The symptoms of anaemia can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause but generally include. Dr Jain listed:
- Fatigue and Weakness: A constant feeling of tiredness and lack of energy, even with sufficient rest.
- Pale or Yellowish Skin: A noticeable paleness or yellow tinge to the skin, particularly in the face and hands.
- Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or feeling breathless with minimal exertion.
- Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Frequent spells of dizziness, especially when standing up quickly.
- Cold Hands and Feet: A persistent feeling of coldness in the extremities.
- Chest Pain and Heart Palpitations: Irregular heartbeats and chest discomfort, particularly during physical activity.
- Pica: A condition characterised by a craving to eat unusual items like dirt, clay, chalk or ice. This is commonly seen in kids.
Anaemia in men, though less commonly discussed than in women, is a significant health issue that requires attention and proper management. By understanding the causes and recognising the symptoms early, men can seek appropriate medical care and adopt lifestyle changes to effectively manage anaemia. Regular monitoring and a comprehensive approach to treatment can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.