Mouth cancer, also known as oral cancer, refers to the abnormal growth of malignant cells in the oral cavity. It can affect various areas of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, and throat. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mouth cancer accounts for a significant proportion of all cancers worldwide, with more than 3,00,000 new cases diagnosed each year. This alarming statistic highlights the importance of understanding the causes and implementing preventive measures to combat this potentially life-threatening disease.
Speaking with the editorial team of OnlyMyHealth, Dr Vineet Kaul - Associate Consultant Oncology Centre, CK Birla Hospital, Gurgaon shares the prime causes of mouth cancer and suggests effective strategies for prevention. Here is what he shared with us:
Causes of Mouth Cancer
1. Tobacco Consumption
One of the leading causes of mouth cancer is the use of tobacco in various forms. Both smoking cigarettes and using smokeless tobacco products, such as chewing tobacco and snuff, significantly increase the risk of developing oral cancer, shares Dr Kaul. Tobacco contains harmful carcinogenic substances that damage the cells in the mouth and can lead to the development of cancer.
2. Alcohol Consumption
Excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption is another significant risk factor for mouth cancer. Alcohol not only weakens the immune system but also enhances the harmful effects of tobacco. Dr Kaul elucidates that when combined with tobacco, alcohol intensifies the likelihood of developing oral cancer.
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3. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
Certain strains of HPV, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, have been linked to the development of mouth cancer. HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that can be transmitted through oral sex. Engaging in unprotected oral sex with multiple partners can increase the risk of contracting HPV and subsequently developing oral cancer.
4. Sun Exposure
Prolonged exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mainly from the sun or tanning beds, can lead to the development of lip cancer. Lips are particularly vulnerable to UV radiation, and neglecting to protect them with sunscreen or lip balm can increase the risk of cancerous growth.
5. Poor Oral Hygiene
Neglecting proper oral hygiene practices can contribute to the development of mouth cancer. Poor oral hygiene allows the accumulation of bacteria, plaque, and other harmful substances, which can damage the cells in the mouth and increase the risk of cancer.
Prevention of Mouth Cancer
1. Tobacco and Alcohol Avoidance
The most crucial step in preventing mouth cancer is avoiding the use of tobacco. Quitting smoking and eliminating smokeless tobacco products significantly reduces the risk of developing oral cancer. Additionally, limiting alcohol consumption or abstaining from it altogether can further reduce the risk.
2. Practising Safe Sex
Reducing the risk of contracting HPV, and subsequently oral cancer, can be achieved through practising safe sex. Using condoms and dental dams during oral sex can help prevent the transmission of HPV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections(STIs), suggests Dr Kaul.
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3. Sun Protection
To protect against lip cancer, it is important to use appropriate sun protection measures. Applying sunscreen with a high SPF to the lips and wearing a lip balm with UV protection can help shield the lips from harmful UV radiation.
4. Balanced Diet
Maintaining a healthy and balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables is beneficial in preventing mouth cancer. Antioxidant-rich foods help protect against cellular damage and reduce the risk of cancer. Avoiding processed foods and excessive sugar, and incorporating whole grains can contribute to overall oral health.
5. Regular Dental Check-ups
Regular visits to the dentist play a crucial role in detecting early signs of oral cancer. Dentists can identify suspicious lesions, conduct oral cancer screenings, and provide appropriate guidance on maintaining good oral health.
Bottomline
Mouth cancer is a serious disease with potentially devastating consequences. Understanding the causes and implementing preventive measures is essential in reducing the risk of developing the severity of mouth cancer, shares Dr Kaul.
