Women go through a lot of natural physical changes in their lifetime. From getting periods to menopause and from becoming pregnant to childbirth. The menstrual cycle is a fundamental aspect of a woman’s life. But, problems around the menstrual cycle are never ending. Despite already going through mood swings, PMS, cramps; many women suffer through PCOD, PCOS or irregularities in period cycles. Moreover, studies and experts have said that irregularities in menstrual cycles can pose a risk of cancer in the future.
To understand the facts and reasons behind cancer risks related to irregular periods, OnlyMyHealth interacted with Prof Dr Raj Nagarkar is the Managing Director & Chief of Surgical Oncology & Robotic Services of HCG Manavata Cancer Centre (HCG MCC) & Hospitals.
Menstrual Irregularities
As per Dr Nagarkar, irregularities in menstrual cycles often signal a heightened risk of cancer. “Typically, a healthy woman experiences menarche, the onset of menstruation, between the ages of 12 to 14 years, while menopause typically occurs between 45 to 50 years of age. Normal menstrual cycles typically span 28 days, with bleeding lasting 3 to 7 days. Any deviation in cycle length, bleeding duration or excessive bleeding is classified as irregular menstrual periods.”
Factors Leading To Irregularity In Menstrual Cycles
There are several factors that can lead to irregular menstrual cycles. Talking about this, Dr Nagarkar said, “Menstrual irregularities can stem from various factors such as hormonal imbalances, stress, obesity, PCOS, thyroid disorders and even certain cancers related to the genetic urinary system.
Correlation Between Menstrual Irregularities And Cancer
As per research, irregular periods are associated with an increasing risk of developing cancer. Irregular periods are most commonly the indication of underlying health issues that potentially heighten the risk of cancer. “Specific cancers linked to irregular menstrual cycles include endometrial cancers, ovarian cancers and breast cancers. It's evident that cancers influenced by hormones are more likely to occur in women with menstrual irregularities, highlighting the role of hormonal imbalance in this scenario,” Dr Nagarkar said.
Cancers Impacting Menstruation
Saying that there is limited evidence that suggests direct association between irregularities in periods and certain cancers, Dr Nagarkar said, “Patients with cancers affecting the food pipe, stomach or intestines may experience reduced menstrual blood flow if they are severely anaemic due to these conditions.
Adding further, he said, “Similarly, cancers related to the blood or the lymphatic system, such as leukaemia or lymphomas, can impact the menstrual cycle. For instance, if the bone marrow is affected and the platelet count is significantly reduced or the white blood cell (WBC) count is significantly elevated, women may experience excessive bleeding between menstrual cycles. This abnormal bleeding can be indicative of blood cancer or other blood-related disorders.”
Other factors associated with menstrual irregularities include genetics, certain environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. The best way to ensure a streamlined menstrual cycle and history is to exercise regularly, maintain a balanced diet, manage weight and avoid the consumption of tobacco and alcohol.
Conclusion
It is crucial to recognise menstrual irregularities as potential indicators of underlying health issues and a risk of cancer. Dr Nagarkar said that it is important to encourage women to seek medical advice if they experience persistent irregularities in their menstrual cycles. Concluding he said, “Regular health screenings for early detection and prevention of cancer should be emphasised as, the majority of cancers related to the female reproductive system can be detected early. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can lead to excellent outcomes.”