Fatty liver disease is a common condition that affects a large population around the world. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is unrelated to alcohol consumption, is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide, with a global prevalence of 47 cases per 1,000 people, according to a study published in Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.
While a fatty liver disease isn't life-threatening in its early stages, if left untreated, it can progress to serious complications. In certain cases, it may also strain the heart and increase the risk of heart disease.
In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Tom Devasia, Professor and Unit Head, Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, discusses the link between the two and shares effective preventive measures.
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What Is Fatty Liver Disease?
Fatty liver disease is currently a significant and prevalent health concern within our community, characterised by the accumulation of fat in the liver, says Dr Devasia. Two common types of fatty liver disease include:
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
- Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), also called alcoholic steatohepatitis
NAFLD is a type of fatty liver disease that is unrelated to heavy alcohol use. On the other hand, AFLD is caused by excessive alcohol consumption.
Some of the common risk factors for fatty liver disease include obesity and diabetes. The risk can also be higher for those who consume an unhealthy diet, lead a sedentary lifestyle, or smoke. Interestingly, these risk factors are closely associated with heart disease and heart attacks.
Can Fatty Liver Impact Heart Health?
Several studies have linked fatty liver disease to various heart-related complications.
According to a study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA), people with NAFLD were more likely to develop heart failure, especially a type called heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, also known as diastolic heart failure, wherein the left ventricle loses its ability to relax due to muscle stiffness.
Additionally, NAFLD and NASH are common conditions that are often "underdiagnosed and underappreciated" as risk factors for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) morbidity and mortality, as per a 2022 study published in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Researchers also conclude that lifestyle modifications involving 5–10% weight loss, increased physical activity, and dietary modification can help manage the conditions.
Also Read: Is Your Heart In Good Shape? 5 Important Tests That Can Tell You
The Link Between Fatty Liver Disease And The Heart
“The relationship between liver disease and heart disease is significant,” says Dr Devasia.
He adds, “Individuals with chronic liver conditions, such as cirrhosis, are at an increased risk of developing complications involving the heart. These complications may include pulmonary hypertension, pericardial effusion (fluid around the heart), or the formation of small arteriovenous fistulas in the liver, all of which can lead to various health problems.”
Explaining the link, the doctor shares, “The liver plays a crucial role in managing cholesterol levels. However, when excess cholesterol cannot be adequately processed, it can accumulate in other areas, including the arteries of the heart, leading to blockages and potential heart attacks.”
Fatty liver disease therefore becomes one of the biggest risk factors for heart disease, and addressing it is essential for reducing the risk of future cardiovascular problems.
Management Tips
- Some of the measures you can take to keep your liver and heart healthy include:
- Regular exercise, such as brisk walking or swimming, for a minimum of 30 minutes a day, at least five days a week
- Eat a healthy diet consisting of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
- Limit rice, high-fat foods, processed meat, and sugary treats.
- Avoid alcohol consumption.
- Prevent hepatitis infections by getting vaccinated and practicing safe sex.
Conclusion
Heart disease is among the leading causes of death worldwide, and therefore, addressing its risk factors is of utmost importance. This includes severe fatty liver disease, characterised by the buildup of excess fat in the liver cells. Lifestyle modifications and effective management, under the guidance of a healthcare professional, can help mitigate the risk of both liver problems and heart complications.