Bengaluru, often dubbed as India's Silicon Valley, has recently witnessed a sharp rise in cases of dry eye syndrome (DES). A condition once considered rare in children, it has now become increasingly common among both young and adult populations. Experts in the city are attributing this surge to multiple factors, particularly the excessive use of screens, prolonged indoor air conditioning, and the city's declining air quality. The effects of these environmental and lifestyle elements have led to a concerning health trend.
The Growing Impact of Dry Eye Syndrome
Dry eye syndrome, which occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly, is increasingly becoming a public health issue in Bengaluru. This condition is marked by symptoms like eye redness, irritation, burning sensations, and in severe cases, blurred vision. While adults have long been susceptible to DES due to work-related screen exposure, it’s the alarming rise in cases among children that has raised serious concerns.
According to doctors, a decade ago, only a handful of children were diagnosed with dry eye syndrome each month. However, by 2019, the number had doubled, and as of 2024, specialists report seeing up to 12 cases per month. The pandemic and the subsequent shift to digital learning during lockdowns have exacerbated the issue. The transition to online education increased children's screen time, making them more vulnerable to developing DES at an earlier age. Experts fear that this trend could have long-lasting effects if not addressed.
Screen Time and Air Conditioning: The Double-Edged Sword
One of the most significant contributors to the spike in DES cases is excessive screen time. From school assignments to entertainment, children and adults alike are spending an unprecedented amount of time staring at digital devices. The prolonged focus on screens reduces the frequency of blinking, which is essential for eye lubrication. This, combined with the bright light emitted by screens, puts considerable strain on the eyes.
Moreover, staying in air-conditioned environments for extended periods further dries out the eyes. Air conditioning lowers the humidity in the air, which can cause the tear film on the eye’s surface to evaporate more quickly. For those working or studying indoors for long hours, especially in closed, air-conditioned spaces, the risk of dry eye syndrome increases substantially.
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Pollution: A Hidden Culprit
In addition to lifestyle factors, Bengaluru’s declining air quality has played a pivotal role in the increasing incidence of DES. The city, known for its traffic congestion and growing industrial activity, has seen a deterioration in air quality over the years. Pollutants like dust, smoke, and chemicals in the atmosphere irritate the eyes and exacerbate dry eye symptoms. For many people, stepping outdoors now means exposing their eyes to harmful particles that can lead to dryness and discomfort.
Doctors have also linked the rise in allergies due to pollution to the growing number of DES cases. Exposure to pollutants not only irritates the eyes but also triggers allergic reactions, which can further aggravate dryness. The combination of allergies, poor air quality, and long hours of screen exposure is creating a perfect storm for DES in both children and adults.
Adults at Risk: More Than Just Screen Exposure
While the condition is rising in children, adults, particularly those aged between 20 to 40, are not immune to the growing DES crisis. People in this age group, often engaged in desk jobs or frequent screen-based activities, report a significant increase in symptoms of eye discomfort. Experts in Bengaluru revealed that dry eye cases in adults have surged by 20-30% in the past year alone.
In addition to digital strain, underlying health conditions such as diabetes, hormonal changes, and the natural ageing process further increase the risk of dry eyes, especially in women. Hormonal fluctuations can affect tear production, making women, particularly those going through menopause, more vulnerable to DES.
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Preventing and Managing Dry Eye Syndrome
With the rise in dry eye syndrome in Bengaluru, it's essential to take proactive steps to protect eye health. Eye specialists recommend several strategies to reduce the risk of developing the condition. One of the most popular methods is the ‘20-20-20’ rule, which suggests that for every 20 minutes of screen time, individuals should look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. This exercise helps to relax the eye muscles and promotes blinking, which keeps the eyes moist.
Other important preventive measures include staying hydrated, taking regular breaks from screens, and ensuring a good night’s sleep. Proper sleep is essential as it allows the eyes to rest and recover from daily strain. Using air purifiers indoors can also help reduce exposure to pollutants, further protecting the eyes from irritation. For those already experiencing symptoms of DES, consulting an eye specialist is crucial. Treatment may involve the use of artificial tears or prescription medications to manage symptoms. Additionally, incorporating eye-friendly nutrients into one’s diet, such as omega-3 fatty acids, can support tear production and overall eye health.
Bottomline
The increasing cases of dry eye syndrome in Bengaluru highlight the importance of addressing lifestyle and environmental factors. The combination of excessive screen time, long hours in air-conditioned spaces, and worsening pollution levels is creating a perfect storm for the condition to thrive. By taking preventive measures and raising awareness, individuals can protect their eyes and prevent the long-term consequences of dry eye syndrome.