Hormone-based contraception or birth control methods can have some side effects. However, non-hormonal birth control methods offer alternatives for individuals who prefer consuming hormonal contraception, due to health reasons, personal preferences, or side effects.
To know more about non-hormonal birth control methods, OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Dr Chetna Jain Director Dept of Obstetrics and gynecology Cloudnine Group of hospitals, Sector 14, Gurugram.
According to the National Institute of Health, hormonal birth control methods have several side effects including headaches, nausea, sore breasts and vaginal yeast infections. It stated, “The hormones can also cause spotting between periods or lead to mood swings, and may reduce women’s sexual desire. There is a small risk of blood clots forming.”
Here are some of the non-hormonal birth control options and how they work.
1. Condoms
According to Dr Jain, condoms are one of the most common forms of non-hormonal birth control. They act as a barrier method, preventing sperm from entering the uterus. Male condoms are worn over the penis during intercourse, while female condoms are inserted into the vagina. “Condoms are also essential for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). When used correctly and consistently, condoms are approximately 98% effective at preventing pregnancy,” Dr Jain said.
2. Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD)
The copper IUD is a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) that is hormone-free. It is a small T-shaped device inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider. “The copper on the IUD creates an inflammatory reaction in the uterus, which is toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization. Copper IUDs are highly effective, with a less than 1% failure rate, and can provide protection for up to 10 years,” Dr Jain said.
3. Barrier Methods (Diaphragm, Cervical Cap)
Explaining, Dr Jain said, “Barrier methods such as the diaphragm or cervical cap are designed to block sperm from entering the uterus. These devices are inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix before intercourse and are used with spermicide to increase effectiveness.” Barrier methods are typically less effective than other forms of birth control, with failure rates ranging from 12% to 24%, depending on proper usage.
4. Natural Family Planning
Natural family planning methods involve tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to determine fertile and non-fertile days. These methods, as per Dr Jain, include tracking basal body temperature, cervical mucus changes, and calendar-based calculations. Couples should avoid unprotected intercourse during the fertile window to prevent pregnancy. Natural family planning requires commitment and consistency to be effective, with typical failure rates around 24%.
5. Sterilisation (Tubal Ligation or Vasectomy)
Sterilisation procedures are permanent forms of birth control. “Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure where a woman's fallopian tubes are closed or blocked to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Vasectomy is a similar procedure for males, where the vas deferens (tubes that carry sperm) are cut or sealed to prevent sperm from entering semen,” explained Dr Jain. These procedures are highly effective, with failure rates of less than 1%.
Also read: 4 Side Effects Of Birth Control Pills You Need To Know
Choosing the Right Method
Dr Jain advised to select the most suitable non-hormonal birth control method. Picking a method depends on individual preferences, lifestyle, and medical considerations. It's essential to consult with a healthcare provider to discuss options, understand proper usage, and address any questions or concerns.
Effectiveness and Consistency
Dr Jain emphasised on the fact that no birth control method is 100% effective, except for abstinence. “Consistent and correct usage greatly improves effectiveness for each method. Additionally, non-hormonal methods do not protect against sexually transmitted infections, so combining them with barrier methods like condoms is recommended for comprehensive protection,” she added.
Conclusion
Non-hormonal birth control methods provide effective alternatives for people seeking hormone-free contraception. From barrier methods like condoms to long-acting options such as the copper IUD, there are several choices available to suit different preferences and needs. Understanding the mechanisms and effectiveness of each method can empower individuals to make informed decisions about their reproductive health.