Diarrhoea, manifests itself as loose, watery stools that occur more frequently than usual, is a common condition that affects people of any age. It normally resolves on its own within a few days and requires no special treatment. There are some cases in which diarrhoea may signify a more serious health concern or be dangerous if not treated.
“Diarrhoea is typically a temporary problem, if not treated effectively, it can lead to dehydration and vitamin deficits. However, an appropriate diet is essential for the healing of the body during this time,” said Anupama Menon, Nutritionist and Lifestyle Coach, Bengaluru. Recognising when diarrhoea evolves from a minor inconvenience to a serious health issue is crucial for timely action and treatment.
Persistent or Chronic Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea that lasts for more than two days can increase the risk of dehydration and may indicate underlying health issues such as:
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
- Celiac disease or gluten sensitivity
- Intestinal infections or parasites
- Certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer
Severe Dehydration
Dehydration is a major concern with diarrhoea, particularly in young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems.
According to National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, symptoms of diarrhoea include:
- Thirst
- Dry mouth or skin
- Reduced urination or dark yellow urine
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
- Urgent need to go to the bathroom
In severe cases, dehydration can lead to kidney failure, electrolyte imbalances, or shock, all of which require immediate medical attention.
Presence of Blood or Mucus
The appearance of blood, mucus, or pus in the stool is a sign that diarrhoea may be caused by a more serious condition, such as a bacterial infection, a parasitic attack, or a gastrointestinal disease. Conditions like dysentery, which is often caused by Shigella, E. coli, or other bacteria, can present with bloody diarrhoea and require medical intervention.
It May Accompany With Severe Symptoms
Diarrhoea accompanied by severe symptoms such as high fever, persistent vomiting, severe abdominal or rectal pain, or signs of dehydration indicates a more serious problem that needs prompt medical attention.
Travel History
According to MayoClinic, Traveler's diarrhoea can be caused by consuming contaminated water or food, which might suggest an infection by bacteria, parasites, or viruses not commonly encountered in the patient's home country. If diarrhoea develops after travelling, especially to developing countries, and it's severe or persistent, it's important to seek medical advice.
Also read: Surge In Diarrhoea And Skin Issues Reported In Patna
High-Risk Groups Of Diarrhoea
Certain groups of individuals are more susceptible to complications from diarrhoea, including:
- Infants and young children
- Elderly people
- Individuals with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes or kidney disease
- Those with weakened immune systems, such as HIV/AIDS patients or chemotherapy recipients
- Preventative and Responsive Measures
To mitigate the risks associated with severe or persistent diarrhoea:
- Hydration: The primary treatment for diarrhoea is rehydration, either with oral rehydration solutions (ORS) or intravenous fluids in severe cases.
- Diet: Consuming a bland diet can help in managing symptoms. Avoid dairy, fatty foods, and anything that could irritate the digestive system further.
- Medical Attention: Seek immediate medical care if you notice signs of dehydration, blood in stools, or if diarrhoea is accompanied by severe symptoms.
While diarrhoea is often not serious, certain signs and circumstances warrant immediate medical attention. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying cause, coupled with supportive care for symptoms, can prevent complications related to diarrhoea.