Lissencephaly, literal meaning "smooth brain," is a rare, gene-linked brain malformation that is characterized by the absence of normal convolutions (folds) in the cerebral cortex and an abnormally small head (microcephaly). It is caused during embryonic development by defective neuronal migration, the process in which nerve cells move from their place of origin to their permanent location.
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The symptoms of lissencephaly include:
- Unusual facial appearance
- Difficulty swallowing
- Failure to grow
- Muscle spasms
- Seizures
- Severe psychomotor retardation
- Deformation of hands and fingers
Although there is no cure for lissencephaly but, children can show some progress in development over time. Care may be needed to comfort, feed and nurse the needs of the patient. Seizures can be troublesome but, anticonvulsant medications can be useful.
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