Back pain in children isn't uncommon. They might complain after a long day of playing or lifting something heavy. However, persistent or unexplained back pain can be a cause for concern. One potential culprit you might not be aware of is spondylolisthesis. To know more about this condition, the Onlymyhealth team spoke to Dr HS Chhabra, Chief, Spine Services & Medical Director, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre.
What is Spondylolisthesis?
Dr Chhabra defined, “Spondylolisthesis is a condition where a vertebra in the spine slips forward out of place relative to the vertebra below it. This can happen due to a stress fracture in a part of the vertebra called the pars interarticularis. This stress fracture, known as spondylolysis, often precedes spondylolisthesis, especially in children and adolescents.”
Who is Most at Risk?
A study published in the Neurosurgery Clinics of North America states that spondylolisthesis is most common in children and teens between the ages of 8 and 18, and its worldwide incidence is 5-7%.
Athletes who participate in sports that involve repetitive hyperextension of the spine, such as gymnastics, football, or weightlifting, are at a higher risk. Children with a family history of the condition are also more susceptible.
Spondylolisthesis Symptoms
“Many children with spondylolisthesis might not experience any symptoms at all,” said Dr Chhabra. However, some common signs to watch for include:
- Lower back pain, especially in the lower lumbar region
- Pain that worsens with activity, such as running or jumping
- Pain that improves with rest
- Tightness or stiffness in the hamstrings
- Tenderness in the area of the slipped vertebra
- A change in posture, such as an increased curve in the lower back (lordosis)
“In severe cases, the child might experience weakness, numbness, or tingling in the legs,” said Dr Chhabra.
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Diagnosing Spondylolisthesis
If you suspect your child might have spondylolisthesis, it's crucial to consult with a doctor. The doctor will likely perform a physical examination to assess the child's range of motion, posture, and any areas of tenderness.
Dr Chhabra said, “Imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans, can confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the slippage.”
Treatment Options For Spondylolisthesis
The good news is that most cases of spondylolisthesis in children can be managed conservatively without surgery. According to the National Health Service, treatment options for spondylolisthesis might include:
- Rest: Limiting strenuous activities that aggravate the pain can allow for healing.
- Physical Therapy: Strengthening core muscles and improving flexibility in the back and hamstrings can help stabilise the spine and prevent further slippage.
- Bracing: Wearing a back brace for a specific period can provide support and reduce pain.
- Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage discomfort.
In rare instances, where the slippage is severe or causes neurological problems, surgery might be necessary to realign the vertebrae and prevent further complications.
Also Read: Why Is Spondylitis Misunderstood As Back Pain?
Living With Spondylolisthesis
With proper diagnosis and treatment, most children with spondylolisthesis can lead active and healthy lives.
Dr Chhabra listed some tips that can help your child manage their back pain:
- Maintain Good Posture: Encourage your child to stand tall with their shoulders back and their core engaged.
- Stay Active, But Choose Low-Impact Activities: Swimming, biking, or walking can help maintain strength and flexibility without putting excessive strain on the spine.
- Maintain A Healthy Weight: Excess weight can stress the spine more.
- Practice Good Sleep Habits: A supportive mattress and proper sleep posture can promote healing and reduce pain.
When to See a Doctor
Dr Chhabra stipulated, “If your child's back pain is severe, persistent, or worsens with activity, it's crucial to seek medical attention. Additionally, any symptoms like numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs require immediate medical evaluation.”
Remember, early diagnosis and intervention are key to effectively managing spondylolisthesis in children. Working with your doctor and implementing a treatment plan can help your child live a pain-free and active life.