Serotonin syndrome might sound like a complex medical term, but in simpler terms, it's a condition where your body gets too much of a good thing – serotonin. An excessive amount of serotonin can have detrimental effects on the muscles, brain, and other organs. To get insights on the same, we spoke to Dr Madhumidha, MBBS, MD, Apollo Spectra Hospital, Chennai, who explained serotonin syndrome, its symptoms, and its causes.
What is Serotonin Syndrome?
“Think of serotonin as your brain's messenger for maintaining mood, sleep, and appetite. Serotonin syndrome occurs when there's an overload of these messengers, causing a variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe”, said Dr Madhumidha.
The main culprits behind this serotonin overload are certain medications, recreational drugs, and even some over-the-counter supplements. According to StatPearls, all age groups are susceptible to serotonin syndrome, and since serotonergic medications are used more frequently, the condition is becoming more common.
Also Read: New Study Links Low Serotonin With An Increased Risk Of Long COVID
Causes of Serotonin Syndrome
Dr Madhumidha listed the causes of serotonin syndrome as follows:
Medication Mix-ups
“Imagine you're taking a prescription medication to lift your mood, like an antidepressant. Now, let's say your doctor also prescribes you a painkiller containing tramadol. If you pop these pills like candy, you might unknowingly tip the serotonin balance and trigger serotonin syndrome”, added Dr Madhumidha.
Party Drugs and Serotonin Surge
Certain recreational drugs, such as MDMA (ecstasy) and hallucinogenic substances, can also contribute to serotonin syndrome. These drugs either increase serotonin release or inhibit its reuptake, creating an imbalance that can result in this condition. Also, if you're already on medications that mess with serotonin, like antidepressants, the combination can lead to serotonin levels skyrocketing and causing some serious issues.
Supplement Slip-Ups
Sometimes, people turn to over-the-counter supplements, thinking they're harmless. Dr Madhumidha advises, “If someone consumes St John's Wort (goat weed or Hypericum Perforatum), a popular herbal remedy for mood, alongside your prescribed antidepressant, can contribute to serotonin syndrome when used in combination with prescription medications that affect serotonin levels.”
Also Read: Do You Take Painkillers Everyday? Expert Lists Side Effects And Risk Factors
Symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome Explained
Here are symptoms of serotonin syndrome, as listed by Dr Madhumidha:
- Feeling on Edge: If you suddenly find yourself more restless or agitated than usual, it could be a sign of serotonin syndrome
- Mind in a Fog: Confusion is another common symptom. You might feel like your thoughts are a bit scrambled, making it hard to focus
- Heart Racing: A rapid heart rate like your heart is trying to break free is a clear signal that something might be off
- Peculiarities: Keep an eye on your pupils. If they look larger than normal, especially in brighter light, it's time to pay attention
- Muscle Mayhem: Notice any muscle twitching or stiffness? That could be your body's way of telling you it's dealing with too much serotonin
- Sweating Bullets: Excessive sweating, especially when you're not doing anything strenuous, could be a sign of serotonin syndrome
- Temperature Trouble: Feeling unusually hot or running a fever without an apparent cause might be your body's reaction to serotonin overload
- Stomach Upset: Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms, adding an unpleasant twist to the whole experience
Bottomline
Dr Madhumidha concluded, “Serotonin syndrome is a serious medical condition that requires prompt attention. Understanding the causes and symptoms is crucial for both healthcare professionals and individuals who may be at risk. It emphasises the importance of transparent communication with healthcare providers, proper medication management, and the avoidance of self-prescription or recreational drug use.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by a registered healthcare professional and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your expert if you notice any health issues to get the necessary treatment.]