Peripartum depression, often referred to as postpartum depression when it occurs after childbirth, is a severe form of clinical depression that affects women during pregnancy or after delivery. Unlike the “baby blues,” which are mild and temporary mood swings experienced by many new mothers, peripartum depression is more intense, lasts longer, and often requires professional intervention. Major presentation is non confidence to handle and look after the newborn. This often starts even in the antenatal period.
To understand the causes and management of peripartum depression, OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Dr Pratibha Singhal, Director - Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Noida.
“Many women show this nonconfidence while they are in their third trimester. At that point Labour Management classes would be of help,” Dr Singhal said.
Causes of Peripartum Depression
Peripartum depression, according to Dr Singhal, is believed to be caused by a combination of hormonal, emotional, and environmental factors.
1. Hormonal Changes: During pregnancy and after childbirth, women experience significant hormonal fluctuations. The rapid drop in hormones such as estrogen and progesterone can trigger depression in susceptible individuals.
2. Genetic Predisposition: Women with a family history of depression or other mental health disorders are at higher risk.
3. Emotional Factors: The stress of caring for a newborn, lack of sleep, and feelings of inadequacy or loss of identity can contribute to depression.
4. Previous Depression: A history of depression or anxiety increases the likelihood of developing peripartum depression.
5. Environmental Stressors: Factors such as financial stress, lack of social support, relationship problems, and life changes can exacerbate feelings of depression.
Also read: Postpartum Woes: How To Deal With Sleep Deprivation After Having A Baby?
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Symptoms of Peripartum Depression
The symptoms of peripartum depression can vary in intensity and duration but typically include:
1. Persistent Sadness: A continuous feeling of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness that doesn’t go away.
2. Trouble with Sleep: Insomnia or excessive sleeping, even when the baby is sleeping.
3. Weight Loss or Gain: Significant changes in weight due to increased or decreased appetite.
4. Irritability and Anger: Frequent bouts of anger or irritability, often without a clear reason.
5. Fatigue: Extreme fatigue and lack of energy that makes it difficult to complete daily tasks.
6. Loss of Interest: Reduced interest in activities that were once enjoyable, including spending time with the baby.
7. Anxiety and Panic Attacks: Intense worry or panic attacks, often related to the baby’s health or safety.
8. Feelings of Worthlessness or Guilt: Overwhelming feelings of guilt, shame, or inadequacy as a mother.
9. Difficulty Bonding with the Baby: A feeling of detachment or lack of interest in the baby.
10. Concentration and Memory Problems: Difficulty focusing, making decisions, or remembering things.
11. Thoughts of Self-Harm or Suicide: In severe cases, thoughts of harming oneself or the baby.
Managing Peripartum Depression
Effective management of peripartum depression involves a combination of medical, therapeutic, and self-care strategies.
1. Seek Professional Help: Consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial. Dr Singhal said, “A doctor can diagnose the condition and recommend appropriate treatments, which may include antidepressants or other medications.”
2. Therapy: Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) are effective forms of counselling that can help women manage their symptoms. As per Dr Singhal, therapy provides a safe space to explore feelings and develop coping strategies.
3. Support Groups: Dr Singhal recommended joining a support group for new mothers experiencing peripartum depression can provide emotional support and practical advice. Sharing experiences with others who understand can be comforting.
4. Medication: Antidepressant medications may be prescribed to help regulate mood. Dr Singhal emphasised, “It’s important to discuss the risks and benefits of medication with a healthcare provider, especially if breastfeeding.”
5. Self-Care: Taking care of oneself is vital. This includes:
• Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet can improve energy levels and mood.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity, even in small amounts, can boost mood and reduce stress.
• Sleep: Prioritising sleep, even if it means napping during the day, can significantly impact mood and energy levels.
• Relaxation Techniques: Practices such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and yoga can help reduce stress and anxiety.
6. Social Support: Reaching out to family and friends for help with childcare, household tasks, or simply talking about feelings can alleviate some of the burdens.
7. Setting Realistic Expectations: Understanding that it’s okay not to be perfect and setting achievable goals can reduce feelings of inadequacy.
8. Avoiding Isolation: Staying connected with loved ones and maintaining social interactions can prevent feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Conclusion
Peripartum depression is a serious condition that requires attention and care. Understanding its causes, recognizing the symptoms, and seeking appropriate treatment are essential steps in managing this type of depression. With the right support and interventions, women can overcome peripartum depression and enjoy their journey into motherhood.