Menstruation, or period, is a normal and healthy part of the menstrual cycle. It occurs when hormonal changes, primarily in oestrogen and progesterone, cause the buildup and eventual shedding of the uterine lining, leading to menstrual bleeding. This natural process also signals that pregnancy has not occurred.
Interestingly, these hormonal fluctuations don’t just affect the reproductive system; they can impact oral health too. One lesser-known effect is menstruation gingivitis, a condition where the gums become red, swollen, and more prone to bleeding, especially just before or during a period. Here's all you need to know about the same.
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What Is Menstruation Gingivitis?
A study published in the Journal of International Oral Health found that gingivitis was most common in the premenstrual phase, affecting 24.5% despite good oral hygiene. During menstruation, 4.7% had gingivitis, and none showed symptoms after their period. This suggests hormonal changes before menstruation may trigger gum inflammation, even with proper dental care.
Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Shailly Sharma, Senior Consultant Gynaecology and Associate Director at Cloudnine Hospital, Faridabad, describes menstruation gingivitis as a temporary form of gum inflammation that occurs in some women due to hormonal changes during their menstrual cycle.
It is characterised by red, swollen, and sometimes bleeding gums, typically occurring just before the onset of menstruation.
According to Dr Sharma, while not all women experience it, it is not uncommon, especially in those who are more sensitive to hormonal fluctuations. This condition usually resolves on its own once the period begins.
Signs Of Menstruation Gingivitis
Women should watch for signs such as gum swelling, redness, tenderness, bleeding while brushing or flossing, and a general feeling of discomfort or irritation in the gums. These symptoms typically appear a few days before menstruation and subside once the period starts. If symptoms persist beyond the menstrual phase or become severe, it may indicate a more serious gum condition and should be evaluated by a dentist.
How Can Women Prevent Gum Disease During Menstruation?
According to Dr Sharma, the best way to manage menstruation-related gum issues is through consistent oral hygiene. “Brushing twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush, flossing daily, and using an antimicrobial mouthwash can help minimise plaque buildup and prevent inflammation.”
Maintaining a balanced diet rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C and calcium, also supports gum health. If gum discomfort is frequent or severe, it’s advisable to discuss it with a dentist who may recommend more targeted care during the menstrual cycle.
Also Read: Is It Normal To Have Irregular Periods After Pregnancy? Expert Sheds Light
Should Dental Routine Change During Period?
“There is no need for a completely different dental routine during menstruation, but being more attentive during this time can help,” advises Dr Sharma, adding that women should be extra diligent with brushing and flossing, even if the gums feel slightly sensitive.
The doctor adds, “If pain or bleeding occurs, using a gentler toothbrush and rinsing with warm salt water can provide relief. It’s also helpful to avoid sugary or acidic foods that can worsen inflammation. Regular dental check-ups remain important throughout the year, regardless of the menstrual cycle.”
Conclusion
While it might come as a surprise that your period could affect your gums, menstruation gingivitis is a real and fairly common issue for some women. The good news is that it is usually temporary and manageable. Paying a little extra attention to your oral hygiene during this time can make a big difference. And if something feels off or doesn’t settle after your period ends, it’s always okay to check in with your dentist.