During pregnancy, women experience a range of symptoms. These include morning sickness, fatigue, breast changes, and food cravings and aversions. While these are normal and expected, what's interesting is that some men can also develop physical and psychological symptoms that mimic those of pregnancy. Also called sympathetic pregnancy, non-pregnant partners also experience pregnancy-like symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, weight gain, and fatigue. But is this condition for real, or is it all in the head? We asked an expert to shed light on the same.
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What Is Couvade Syndrome?
Couvade syndrome is a condition where a partner of a pregnant person experiences some of the same physical and emotional symptoms as the pregnant individual. These symptoms can include weight gain, fatigue, mood swings, and even cravings.
Many people wonder whether the condition is real. A 2018 Jordanian study published in the American Journal of Men's Health indicates that it is and revealed a high prevalence (59.1%) of this syndrome among expectant fathers, attributed to the cultural emphasis on family life and early parenthood.
Researchers noted that the symptoms, which can appear in the first trimester, subside in the second, and intensify in the third. They may affect fathers' well-being and their ability to support their pregnant partners, highlighting the need for raising awareness and providing support for fathers during antenatal consultations to ensure better outcomes for families.
Causes Of Couvade Syndrome
While the exact causes of Couvade syndrome are not fully understood, Dr Sanjay Garg, Consultant Mental Health and Behavioural Sciences, Fortis Hospital, Anandapur, says, “Studies have shown that men whose partners are pregnant may experience fluctuations in hormone levels, including increases in prolactin, oestradiol, and cortisol, and decreases in testosterone. These hormonal changes may contribute to the development of some of the physical and emotional symptoms associated with Couvade syndrome.”
There are several psychological factors that may contribute to its development too. These factors include:
Empathy and emotional connection: A deep emotional bond with the pregnant partner can lead to a heightened sense of empathy and a sharing of their physical and emotional experiences.
Anxiety and stress: The anticipation and stress associated with the impending birth can manifest in physical symptoms in some individuals.
Cultural and social factors: Cultural beliefs and societal expectations about the roles of fathers and partners during pregnancy may influence the development of Couvade syndrome.
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Common Signs Of Couvade Syndrome
The most common symptoms men experience with Couvade syndrome include:
- Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, heartburn, changes in appetite, and constipation.
- Weight changes: Weight gain or loss.
- Pain: Back pain, headaches, and toothaches.
- Fatigue: Feeling tired or experiencing sleep disturbances.
- Emotional changes: Mood swings, anxiety, and depression.
How Couples Can Cope With Couvade Syndrome
The first step is to identify the condition. Many people aren't aware of Couvade syndrome, or if they are, they do not take it seriously. It is crucial that couples recognise the condition and find ways to deal with it.
According to Dr Garg, couples can cope with Couvade syndrome by open communication, mutual support, and seeking professional help if needed. While the exact cause is unclear, it's often considered a psychological response to pregnancy, influenced by emotional connection, cultural factors, and potential hormonal changes. Pregnancy can sometimes be an overwhelming experience for both the pregnant person and their partner. The key is to be supportive of one another, be patient, and to practise self-care.