In today's fast-paced world, people often neglect their heart health amidst various responsibilities and commitments. With advancements in medical technology, new tests have emerged to help individuals assess their cardiac health more effectively. One such test is the Calcium Score Test, which provides valuable insights into the presence and extent of calcified plaque in the coronary arteries. In this article, Dr Zakia Khan, Senior Consultant-Interventional Cardiology, Fortis Hospital, Kalyan, explained Calcium Score Test, why you should take it, how often to get the test done and more.
What Is The Calcium Score Test?
The Calcium Score Test, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring, is a non-invasive imaging test that uses a computed tomography (CT) scan to detect and quantify the presence of calcified plaque in the coronary arteries. This test measures the amount of calcium deposits in the arterial walls, providing a numerical score that indicates the extent of plaque buildup.
Interpreting The Calcium Score
The Calcium Score Test provides a score, typically referred to as the Agatston score, which reflects the amount of calcified plaque detected in the coronary arteries. The higher the score, the more extensive the plaque buildup and the greater the risk of developing heart disease. The scores are categorised as follows:
Score of 0: Indicates no evidence of calcified plaque and low risk of heart disease.
Score between 1-10: Indicates minimal plaque and very low risk of heart disease.
Score between 11-100: Suggests mild plaque buildup and a moderate risk of heart disease.
Score between 101-400: Indicates moderate to significant plaque buildup and a higher risk of heart disease.
Score above 400: Suggests extensive plaque buildup and a significantly higher risk of heart disease.
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Who Should Consider Taking The Calcium Score Test?
The Calcium Score Test is most beneficial for individuals who may be at moderate to high risk of developing heart disease but are asymptomatic. It is particularly recommended for those who fall into the following categories:
Individuals With Risk Factors
People with known risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, family history of heart disease, obesity, diabetes, or a sedentary lifestyle, should consider taking the test to gain further insight into their cardiac health.
Middle-Aged And Older Adults
Middle-aged and older adults, especially those over the age of 45 for men and 55 for women can benefit from the Calcium Score Test as part of their preventive care.
Who Should Avoid the Calcium Score Test?
The Calcium Score Test is not recommended for everyone. It is generally not suitable for individuals who fall into the following categories:
Individuals With Known Coronary Artery Disease
If someone has already been diagnosed with coronary artery disease, the Calcium Score Test may not provide significant additional information for their management.
How Often Should The Calcium Score Test Be Done?
The frequency of taking the Calcium Score Test depends on various factors, including the initial test results and individual risk factors. In general, it is recommended to repeat the test every three to five years for individuals with mild or moderate plaque buildup. However, for those with higher scores or increasing plaque burden, more frequent testing may be necessary to monitor disease progression and assess the effectiveness of interventions.
Considerations Before Taking The Test
Before undergoing the Calcium Score Test, there are a few important considerations to keep in mind:
Consultation
It is crucial to discuss the need for the Calcium Score Test with a healthcare professional who can assess individual risk factors and determine whether the test is appropriate.
Radiation Exposure
The Calcium Score Test involves a CT scan, which exposes individuals to a small amount of radiation. While the benefits usually outweigh the risks, individuals should be aware of the potential radiation exposure and discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider.
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Cost And Insurance Coverage
The Calcium Score Test may not be covered by all insurance plans, and out-of-pocket costs can vary. It is advisable to check with insurance providers and healthcare facilities regarding coverage and associated costs.
Bottom Line
This test is not currently suggested by any guidelines, so it should only be performed under the guidance of a doctor.
[Disclaimer: The information in this article is provided by a registered medical practitioner. However, we recommend you consult your healthcare provider for accurate diagnosis and treatment.]