Having sensitive teeth can make it difficult for you to enjoy the small pleasures of life like eating your favourite foods. You may also find it difficult to maintain proper oral hygiene, leading to a reduced quality of life. In addition, dental sensitivity can affect a person's self-esteem and confidence, particularly if it causes pain or discomfort during social interactions. Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Parampreet Kohli, Aesthetic Dentist, Smile Designing Expert and Founder of Smile Couture Dental Clinic, shares some insights on the causes of tooth sensitivity and how it can be managed.
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Causes Of Tooth Sensitivity
“Tooth sensitivity is a common issue caused by damage or loss of enamel, the hard outer surface of your teeth,” said Dr Kohli, adding, “When the enamel wears away, the soft inner layer called dentin is exposed, which contains tiny tubules connected to the nerves in the mouth.” According to the doctor, these tubules contain fluid that reacts to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic food and drinks, triggering nerve responses and resulting in pain or discomfort. That said, Dr Kohli emphasises on the need to understand the causes of tooth sensitivity and how it is crucial in implementing effective care methods. These include:
Enamel erosion
- Regular consumption of acidic foods or drinks may damage the enamel.
- Health Conditions like gastric reflux, excessive vomiting, or bulimia, can lead to erosion of enamel.
- Poor brushing techniques, including aggressive brushing or using a toothbrush with rough or hard bristles, can contribute to enamel damage.
- Cavities or tooth decay can also lead to sensitivity, as the decay may reach the inner layers of the tooth where the nerves are located.
- Cracked or chipped teeth can expose the dentin and result in sensitivity, particularly when biting or chewing.
- Frequent grinding or clenching of teeth, known as bruxism, can wear down the enamel, leading to sensitivity
Gum diseases
Receding gums expose the sensitive root surfaces of your teeth. This can occur due to gum disease, aggressive brushing, inadequate dental care, or ageing. When the roots are exposed, they are more susceptible to sensitivity.
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Dentist-Recommended Methods To Take Care Of Sensitive Teeth
Here’s how you can look after sensitive teeth:
- Limit consumption of acidic and sugary foods or drinks that trigger sensitivity. Acidic and sugary foods can erode tooth enamel and can lead to tooth sensitivity. These include citrus fruits, carbonated beverages, sports drinks, sugary snacks, and candies. If for some reason you are not able to avoid the consumption, make sure you rinse your mouth with water immediately after consuming it to help neutralise the pH levels.
- Use toothpaste specifically formulated for sensitive teeth. These kinds of toothpaste contain ingredients that help block pain signals. Some examples include potassium nitrate toothpaste, which reduces nerve excitability, and toothpaste containing arginine or stannous fluoride, which help seal the tubules in the dentin.
- Consider using a mouth guard, particularly at night, to protect your teeth from grinding or clenching. Your dentist can create a custom-fitted mouth guard to minimise pressure and potential damage.
- Brush your teeth gently using a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. Avoid aggressive brushing or using a hard-bristled toothbrush, as it can wear down enamel and expose sensitive areas of your teeth. Also, don't forget to floss daily to remove plaque and prevent gum disease, which can contribute to tooth sensitivity.
- Regular dental check-ups are essential for managing tooth sensitivity. Dentists can identify and address underlying issues such as tooth decay, gum disease, or enamel erosion that may be contributing to sensitivity. They may also provide professional treatments like fluoride varnish or dental sealants to help alleviate sensitivity.
In certain cases, if the condition is severe, dentists may recommend treatments such as root canal therapy, soft tissue grafting, or laser-assisted dentistry.
Dr Kohli concludes by saying that everyone's situation is unique, so it's essential to consult with your dentist for personalised advice tailored to your specific needs. “They can assess the cause of your tooth sensitivity and develop a comprehensive care plan to help alleviate discomfort and protect your teeth,” she added.