Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that primarily affects the joints. It leads to inflammation and pain and occurs when the immune system doesn’t work properly and attacks the lining of the joints, called the synovium. The condition can negatively impact many parts of the body, most commonly the hands, knees or ankles. However, RA is not just a joint problem. It can affect other organs and parts of the body too. Dr Shaloo Bhasin Gagneja, Senior Consultant-Rheumatology, Manipal Hospital, Gurugram, explains how and discusses how people with RA can improve their quality of life.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Goes Beyond Joint Problems
“RA is a condition that is often misunderstood as a simple joint problem, but the reality is that it goes far beyond that,” said Dr Gagneja, adding, “The joint pain and stiffness that are characteristic of RA are just the beginning.”
According to the Mayo Clinic, the chronic inflammatory disorder can also damage a wide variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels.
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The Arthritis Foundation describes RA as a systemic disease, meaning it can affect many parts of the body.
The charity said, "In addition, the drugs used to treat RA can also cause health problems. Many of these problems, such as bone thinning or changes in kidney function, cause no immediate symptoms so your doctor may monitor you through lab tests or checkups."
How Rheumatoid Arthritis Affects The Eyes
One common eye issue associated with rheumatoid arthritis is dry eyes, which can result from RA-related conditions like Sjögren's syndrome, which causes a decrease in the amount of moisture in the eyes and mouth, according to Mayo Clinic.
In addition, RA can also lead to inflammation of the eye's white part, known as scleritis or episcleritis, leading to redness, pain, and potential vision problems.
Moreover, RA may increase the risk of uveitis, a condition that can result in eye pain, redness, and blurred vision.
Skin Problems Associated With RA
Arthritis can also cause skin issues, which is often triggered by RA-related inflammation of the blood vessels, also known as vasculitis. It can lead to rashes characterised by small red dots, says the Arthritis Foundation. In certain cases, medications used to treat RA, such as corticosteroids, can cause thinning of the skin and susceptibility to bruising, the charity adds further.
Impact On Lungs
Besides causing fatigue, fever, loss of appetite, redness and pain of eyes, and skin rash, Dr Gagneja said that RA can also lead to breathing difficulties, hinting at how RA can impact lung health too. According to the Mayo Clinic, lung issues associated with rheumatoid arthritis include scarring (interstitial lung disease) leading to breathlessness and cough, lung nodules (rheumatoid nodules), and pleural inflammation with possible fluid buildup causing breathing difficulties.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Can Also Cause Easy Bruising
There are a combination of factors behind why RA causes easy bruising. One primary reason is the use of certain medications to manage RA, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids, which can affect blood clotting, making it easier for blood vessels to break and result in bruises.
Additionally, chronic inflammation in RA can lead to fragile blood vessels and compromised platelet function, contributing to easy bruising. Reduced mobility and joint pain in RA may also lead to accidental bumps and injuries, further increasing the likelihood of bruising.
Managing The Condition
Dr Gagneja said, “Managing RA requires a comprehensive approach that addresses all aspects of the disease. This may involve medication to control inflammation and pain, physical therapy to improve mobility, and counselling to address the emotional impact of living with a chronic illness.”
“It is important that people be aware about this condition and its potential impact on their lives. By understanding the severity of this condition and the available treatment options, patients can take an active role in managing their symptoms and improving their quality of life,” she added.
Remember, with appropriate treatment and self-care, it is possible for patients with RA to lead fulfilling and productive lives, despite the challenges posed by the condition.