For individuals living with chronic diseases, immunisation is a vital safeguard that can significantly reduce their risk of severe illness and complications from infections. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, asthma, heart disease, and autoimmune disorders weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off diseases. Vaccination becomes crucial in these cases, offering protection against a range of infections. Vaccination is the first step in the process, and immunisation is the end-goal—where the body develops antibodies to help fight future illnesses.
To understand how immunisation can help people with chronic diseases, OnlyMyHealth interacted with Dr Anita Mathew, Director — Internal Medicine, Consultant — Infectious Diseases, Fortis Hospital, Mulund, Mumbai.
Dr Anita Mathew explains, “Immunisation forms the bedrock of the fight against the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases, and it becomes all the more vital when a person suffers from chronic illnesses as it reduces the body’s ability to fight disease-causing pathogens.”
Chronic diseases, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), are long-lasting conditions that usually progress slowly. Examples include diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, asthma, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. These conditions often weaken the immune system, making it more difficult for the body to fend off infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with chronic illnesses were especially vulnerable, as their bodies were less equipped to handle the virus. “Conditions like lupus take a toll on the immune system, and even minor infections can lead to severe complications,” Dr Mathew emphasises.
Importance of Immunisation for Chronic Disease Patients
People with chronic diseases are often at a higher risk of complications from infectious diseases. Vaccination offers them a protective shield against a host of deadly infections, including tetanus, measles, diphtheria, influenza, and even cervical cancer.
Chronic conditions are sometimes treated with immunosuppressants, such as corticosteroids, which weaken the immune system further. This makes vaccination even more critical. As Dr Mathew explains, “For individuals with heart disease or asthma, even regular influenza can become a serious health issue, as their symptoms can get triggered, leading to more flare-ups. Vaccination is the only way to prevent any such adverse reactions.”
Also read: What Is Immunisation And Why It Is Important For Children?
Recommended Vaccines for Individuals with Chronic Illnesses
Several vaccines are recommended by global health organisations and medical practitioners for individuals with chronic diseases. Among the most crucial are:
Influenza vaccine: Protects against the seasonal flu, which can trigger severe complications in individuals with respiratory conditions like asthma or heart disease.
Pneumococcal vaccine: Prevents infections like pneumonia and meningitis, which can be life-threatening for those with weakened immune systems.
COVID-19 vaccine: Essential for protecting against the coronavirus, especially for those with conditions that make them more vulnerable to severe illness.
Hepatitis vaccine: Offers protection against liver infections, which can be particularly dangerous for individuals with autoimmune conditions.
Dr Mathew stresses the importance of these vaccinations: “Pneumococcal and COVID-19 vaccines are vital as they protect against complications like meningitis and pneumonia. The hepatitis vaccine, on the other hand, can be life-saving for individuals with autoimmune conditions.”
Also read: Difference Between Immunisation and Vaccination Explained
Contributing to Herd Immunity
Immunising individuals with chronic diseases also plays a significant role in promoting herd immunity. Herd immunity develops when a large percentage of the population is vaccinated against a disease, offering protection even to those who remain unvaccinated. This collective defence helps reduce the overall spread of infectious diseases.
Before opting for any vaccination, it is important to consult a healthcare provider. Dr Mathew advises, “Consult your doctor to determine the most appropriate course of vaccination based on your medical condition. Every individual’s immunisation needs are different, especially when chronic diseases are involved.”
Conclusion
For people living with chronic conditions, immunisation is not just a recommendation—it is a necessity. Vaccination strengthens the immune system, helps prevent serious infections, and reduces the risk of complications from common diseases. As chronic disease patients face increased vulnerability, getting vaccinated provides them with a crucial line of defence.