New COVID-19 Variants in India: NB.1.8.1 and LF.7

India has detected two new subvariants of COVID-19- NB.1.8.1 and LF.7 and the cases are now gradually increasing all across the country. As per the data shared by the Health Ministry, over 1,000 cases have been reported so far with the number from cases reported in Kerala (335), followed by Maharashtra (154), and Delhi (99). As per Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG) data, the first case of NB.1.8.1 subvariant was first detected in Tamil Nadu in the month of April ‘25, and four cases of LF.7 were reported in Gujarat in May ‘25. Since then, these two subvariants of COVID-19 have been reported in other states including Maharashtra, Kerala,West Bengal and National Capital Region. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare assures the situation to be under control but public awareness is necessary to prevent the spread of these variants.

What is the JN.1 Variant?

JN.1 is a subvariant of Omicron and is also named the Pirola variant.Similar to Omicron, the JN.1 variant also spreads rapidly. A mutation in its spike protein makes it highly infectious because the virus can easily enter the human cells. Thesymptoms of JN.1 subvariantare mostly mild which includes:

  • Fever
  • Dry or mild cough
  • Persistent sore throat
  • Runny or blocked nose
  • Fatigue or weakness
  • Headache
  • Body or muscle pain

What Are NB.1.8.1 and LF.7?

NB.1.8.1 and LF.7 are subvariants of a recombinant strain named XDV.1.5.1. The NB.1.8.1 subvariant underwent eight spike protein mutations, making it potentially more transmissible as compared to JN.1 subvariant. The first case of NB.1.8.1 in India was detected in Tamil Nadu in April 2025. Both of these variants often present common cold-like symptoms which makes their diagnosis difficult initially.

Symptoms of NB.1.8.1 and LF.7

The symptoms of these subvariants are similar to other Omicron variants that includes:

  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Cough
  • Sore throat
  • Fatigue
  • Body or head pain

Transmission of NB.1.8.1 and LF.7 Subvariants of COVID-19

Due to specific mutations, NB.1.8.1 and LF.7 may spread rapidly as compared to others. These variants can partially weaken the immunity shield obtained from previous coronavirus infections or vaccinations.The World Health Organization(WHO) has listed these variants under ‘Variants Under Monitoring’ and continues to observe them closely.

Global Spread of NB.1.8.1

The cases of NB.1.8.1 subvariant have been rapidly spreading worldwide and with active cases in 22 countries as of now. According to the CDC, COVID-19 cases have surged in the US and parts of Asia, with NB.1.8.1 being the dominant variant.

The highest number of NB.1.8.1 cases have been reported in the United States, China, and Hong Kong, that includes fatalities. Due to rising concerns, several international airports California, Washington, Virginia,and New York have started COVID-19 testing upon arrival. Most of the infected travellers have recent travel history from Japan, South Korea,France, and China.

Prevention Tips From New Subvariants

Here are some tips to protect yourself from NB.1.8.1 and LF.7:

  • Get yourself tested if you notice any potential symptom
  • Avoid getting in close contact with anyone who is infected or shows symptoms
  • Get vaccinated for COVID-19, if not already
  • Wear a mask especially at public places or crowded places
  • Practice hand hygiene and use a good hand wash/sanitiser

Following these steps will help in warding off the risk of contracting the new variants of COVID-19. However, if you test positive, kindly isolate yourself so others don’t catch the virus too.

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