In the landscape of men's health, the testicles hold a significant role, not only in terms of providing masculine features to a man but also in fertility. Today, testicular cancer looms as a potential threat to this vital aspect of male well-being. The diagnosis of testicular cancer can be unsettling, casting a shadow over one's sense of health and virility. Among the myriad concerns that arise, fertility stands out as a paramount issue for many patients.
At What Age Testicular Cancer Can Affect You?
“Despite being relatively uncommon compared to other cancers, testicular cancer presents a significant challenge, particularly for young men aged 15 to 35. The incidence of this disease is on the rise, underscoring the importance of early detection and effective treatment. Fortunately, advancements in medical science have propelled the cure rate for testicular cancer above 90 percent, offering hope to patients and their loved ones,” said Dr Vipul Tilva, Consultant- Uro Oncology and Robotic Surgeon, HCG Cancer Centre, Ahmedabad.
Symptoms Of Testicular Cancer
According to Dr Tilva, symptoms of testicular cancer, such as painless lumps, scrotal swelling, discomfort, or changes in testicle size or shape, require prompt medical attention for accurate diagnosis. However, not all symptoms signify cancer, necessitating regular self-examinations and healthcare evaluations.
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“While the precise causes are unknown, risk factors like age, family history, and certain medical conditions may increase susceptibility. Yet, many cases occur without identifiable risk factors, emphasising the importance of routine screening for early detection and effective management. Regular check-ups and awareness of symptoms play a pivotal role in ensuring timely intervention and optimal outcomes,” he added.
Typically, testicular cancer affects only one testicle, leaving the other capable of producing sufficient testosterone for health. If both testicles are affected or if cancer recurs, ongoing testosterone replacement therapy is necessary, often administered via gel, patch, or monthly injections. Following treatment, fertility may recover if one testicle remains.
Ways To Preserve Fertility Amid Testicular Cancer Treatment
As per Dr Tilva, the path to recovery poses challenges, particularly regarding fertility. Treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, crucial for combating cancer, can significantly affect reproductive health. Surgical procedures like Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy, aimed at removing the affected testicle, may impair sperm production in the remaining testicle. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy, often used for advanced cases, further complicate fertility by damaging sperm production. Oncofertility, a growing field, advocates for discussing family planning options before treatment, empowering patients to make informed decisions about their reproductive future amid uncertainty.
However, as per some studies, these infertility issues arising from cancer treatments resolve about 2 years after treatments finish. There are also some methods to overcome fertility challenges. Sperm banking also offers a ray of hope to men with testicular cancer, who wish to preserve their fertility. It allows them to freeze and store their sperm before undergoing cancer treatment, providing a safeguard against potential infertility.
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“In recent years, the advancements in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have provided new options for men facing infertility due to testicular cancer treatment. Techniques such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can help couples overcome fertility challenges,” Dr Tilva concluded.
While testicular cancer and fertility present complex and multifaceted issues, there is reason for optimism. Many men have successfully navigated these challenges, reclaimed their fertility, and realised their dreams of parenthood post-cancer treatment. By fostering open dialogue, providing comprehensive support, and offering access to fertility preservation options, healthcare providers can empower men to protect their reproductive health and embrace the possibility of building a family in the future.